[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2463},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fhugo-build-times-for-large-repositories\u002Fparallel-hugo-builds-across-ci-jobs":3,"all-docs-nav":1310,"filed:\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fhugo-build-times-for-large-repositories\u002Fparallel-hugo-builds-across-ci-jobs":2451},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1285,"dateModified":1295,"datePublished":1295,"description":1296,"extension":1297,"faq":1298,"meta":1303,"navigation":1304,"path":1305,"seo":1306,"slug":12,"stem":1307,"type":1308,"__hash__":1309},"content\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fhugo-build-times-for-large-repositories\u002Fparallel-hugo-builds-across-ci-jobs\u002Findex.md","Parallel Hugo Builds Across CI Jobs",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1264},"minimark",[9,13,17,36,41,54,58,103,111,229,233,236,331,342,345,349,616,626,630,633,752,758,894,898,901,905,908,931,935,995,998,1110,1114,1120,1124,1132,1136,1176,1180,1183,1187,1192,1195,1199,1202,1206,1209,1213,1216,1220,1260],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"parallel-hugo-builds-across-ci-jobs",[14,15,16],"p",{},"Hugo is the fastest mainstream static site generator, and for almost every site one build on one machine is the right answer. A few sites are big enough that it is not: multilingual documentation with hundreds of thousands of pages, catalogue sites generated from product data, archives with decades of content. On those, a full build can run for 15 minutes or more on a standard CI runner and need more memory than the runner has. Hugo uses all available cores within a single build, so the remaining options are a bigger machine, or splitting the render across several machines.",[14,18,19,20,24,25,30,31,35],{},"Since version 0.124, Hugo supports ",[21,22,23],"em",{},"segments",": named subsets of the site defined in configuration, which a build can render on their own. This guide uses segments to build a 140,000-page, six-language product documentation site in four parallel GitHub Actions jobs, merges the output, and compares the result with a single large runner. It belongs to ",[26,27,29],"a",{"href":28},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fhugo-build-times-for-large-repositories\u002F","Hugo Build Times for Large Repositories","; the configuration of segments themselves is covered in ",[26,32,34],{"href":33},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fhugo-build-times-for-large-repositories\u002Fsplitting-large-hugo-sites-with-segments\u002F","Splitting Large Hugo Sites with Segments",".",[37,38,40],"h2",{"id":39},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[42,43,44,48,51],"ul",{},[45,46,47],"li",{},"Hugo 0.124 or later (this site used 0.139 extended).",[45,49,50],{},"A CI system that supports job matrices and artifacts.",[45,52,53],{},"A full build that already works, with its output file count recorded, to verify the merged output against.",[37,55,57],{"id":56},"baseline","Baseline",[59,60,61,77],"table",{},[62,63,64],"thead",{},[65,66,67,71,74],"tr",{},[68,69,70],"th",{},"Runner",[68,72,73],{},"Full build",[68,75,76],{},"Peak memory",[78,79,80,92],"tbody",{},[65,81,82,86,89],{},[83,84,85],"td",{},"GitHub Actions standard, 4 cores, 16 GB",[83,87,88],{},"17 min 40 s",[83,90,91],{},"11.0 GB",[65,93,94,97,100],{},[83,95,96],{},"Larger runner, 16 cores, 64 GB",[83,98,99],{},"6 min 50 s",[83,101,102],{},"11.4 GB",[14,104,105,106,110],{},"The 16-core runner was 2.6× faster on 4× the cores. Hugo's own phase timings (",[107,108,109],"code",{},"hugo --logLevel info",") showed why: loading and assembling content took about 1 minute 40 seconds regardless of core count, and rendering scaled with cores.",[112,113,114,225],"figure",{},[115,116,123,124,123,128,123,132,123,139],"svg",{"viewBox":117,"role":118,"ariaLabelledBy":119,"xmlns":122},"0 0 760 295","img",[120,121],"hgpar-base-title","hgpar-base-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[125,126,127],"title",{"id":120},"Full Hugo build time on runners with different core counts",[129,130,131],"desc",{"id":121},"Vertical bars. A 4-core runner took 1,060 seconds. An 8-core runner took 560 seconds. A 16-core runner took 410 seconds. A 32-core runner took 330 seconds, showing diminishing returns as the fixed content loading phase dominates.",[133,134],"rect",{"x":135,"y":135,"width":136,"height":137,"fill":138},"0","760","295","#ffffff",[140,141,143,144,143,155,143,163,143,169,143,174,143,181,143,189,143,196,143,201,143,206,143,209,143,214,143,217,143,222,123],"g",{"style":142},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px","\n    ",[133,145],{"x":146,"y":147,"width":148,"height":149,"rx":150,"fill":151,"opacity":152,"stroke":153,"style":154},"80.0","76.0","90.0","170.0","3","#ff595e","0.3","#d83b41","stroke-width:1px",[133,156],{"x":157,"y":158,"width":148,"height":159,"rx":150,"fill":160,"opacity":161,"stroke":162,"style":154},"250.0","156.2","89.8","#ffca3a","0.45","#a97b00",[133,164],{"x":165,"y":166,"width":148,"height":167,"rx":150,"fill":168,"opacity":152,"stroke":168,"style":154},"420.0","180.2","65.8","#1982c4",[133,170],{"x":171,"y":172,"width":148,"height":173,"rx":150,"fill":168,"opacity":152,"stroke":168,"style":154},"590.0","193.1","52.9",[175,176],"path",{"d":177,"fill":178,"stroke":179,"style":180},"M30.0 246.0 L730.0 246.0","none","#556071","stroke-width:1.5px",[182,183,188],"text",{"x":184,"y":185,"fill":186,"style":187},"380.0","30.0","#1f2937","font-size:16px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","Full build time by runner size",[182,190,195],{"x":191,"y":192,"fill":193,"style":194},"125.0","69.0","#b32b30","font-size:12px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","1060 s",[182,197,200],{"x":191,"y":198,"fill":179,"style":199},"264.0","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:middle","4 cores",[182,202,205],{"x":203,"y":204,"fill":186,"style":194},"295.0","149.2","560 s",[182,207,208],{"x":203,"y":198,"fill":179,"style":199},"8 cores",[182,210,213],{"x":211,"y":212,"fill":186,"style":194},"465.0","173.2","410 s",[182,215,216],{"x":211,"y":198,"fill":179,"style":199},"16 cores",[182,218,221],{"x":219,"y":220,"fill":186,"style":194},"635.0","186.1","330 s",[182,223,224],{"x":219,"y":198,"fill":179,"style":199},"32 cores",[226,227,228],"figcaption",{},"hyperfine, three runs each; the content loading phase stayed near 100 seconds on every size.",[37,230,232],{"id":231},"step-1-define-segments-that-partition-the-site","Step 1: Define Segments That Partition the Site",[14,234,235],{},"Segments must together cover every page exactly once. Languages are the natural split for this site — six languages of roughly equal size, plus site-wide outputs:",[237,238,243],"pre",{"className":239,"code":240,"language":241,"meta":242,"style":242},"language-toml shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","[segments]\n  [segments.en_de]\n    [[segments.en_de.includes]]\n      lang = '{en,de}'\n  [segments.fr_es]\n    [[segments.fr_es.includes]]\n      lang = '{fr,es}'\n  [segments.ja_zh]\n    [[segments.ja_zh.includes]]\n      lang = '{ja,zh}'\n  [segments.global]\n    [[segments.global.includes]]\n      kind = '{home,sitemap,robotstxt,404}'\n      lang = 'en'\n","toml","",[107,244,245,253,259,265,271,277,283,289,295,301,307,313,319,325],{"__ignoreMap":242},[246,247,250],"span",{"class":248,"line":249},"line",1,[246,251,252],{},"[segments]\n",[246,254,256],{"class":248,"line":255},2,[246,257,258],{},"  [segments.en_de]\n",[246,260,262],{"class":248,"line":261},3,[246,263,264],{},"    [[segments.en_de.includes]]\n",[246,266,268],{"class":248,"line":267},4,[246,269,270],{},"      lang = '{en,de}'\n",[246,272,274],{"class":248,"line":273},5,[246,275,276],{},"  [segments.fr_es]\n",[246,278,280],{"class":248,"line":279},6,[246,281,282],{},"    [[segments.fr_es.includes]]\n",[246,284,286],{"class":248,"line":285},7,[246,287,288],{},"      lang = '{fr,es}'\n",[246,290,292],{"class":248,"line":291},8,[246,293,294],{},"  [segments.ja_zh]\n",[246,296,298],{"class":248,"line":297},9,[246,299,300],{},"    [[segments.ja_zh.includes]]\n",[246,302,304],{"class":248,"line":303},10,[246,305,306],{},"      lang = '{ja,zh}'\n",[246,308,310],{"class":248,"line":309},11,[246,311,312],{},"  [segments.global]\n",[246,314,316],{"class":248,"line":315},12,[246,317,318],{},"    [[segments.global.includes]]\n",[246,320,322],{"class":248,"line":321},13,[246,323,324],{},"      kind = '{home,sitemap,robotstxt,404}'\n",[246,326,328],{"class":248,"line":327},14,[246,329,330],{},"      lang = 'en'\n",[14,332,333,334,337,338,341],{},"English and German were paired because English is largest; Japanese and Chinese pages have smaller rendered output. The ",[107,335,336],{},"global"," segment holds the root home page, the sitemap index, ",[107,339,340],{},"robots.txt"," and the 404 page, which must be rendered exactly once.",[14,343,344],{},"A dry check confirms the partition before any CI work: building each segment locally into its own directory and counting files, then comparing the sum with the full build.",[37,346,348],{"id":347},"step-2-build-segments-in-a-matrix","Step 2: Build Segments in a Matrix",[237,350,354],{"className":351,"code":352,"language":353,"meta":242,"style":242},"language-yaml shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","jobs:\n  build:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n    strategy:\n      matrix:\n        segment: [en_de, fr_es, ja_zh, global]\n    steps:\n      - uses: actions\u002Fcheckout@v4\n      - uses: peaceiris\u002Factions-hugo@v3\n        with: { hugo-version: '0.139.0', extended: true }\n      - uses: actions\u002Fcache@v4\n        with: { path: resources\u002F_gen, key: hugo-gen-${{ matrix.segment }}-${{ hashFiles('assets\u002F**', 'content\u002F**\u002F*.jpg') }} }\n      - run: hugo --minify --renderSegments ${{ matrix.segment }} -d out\u002F${{ matrix.segment }}\n      - uses: actions\u002Fupload-artifact@v4\n        with: { name: seg-${{ matrix.segment }}, path: out\u002F${{ matrix.segment }}, retention-days: 1 }\n","yaml",[107,355,356,366,373,385,392,399,428,435,448,459,489,500,548,560,571],{"__ignoreMap":242},[246,357,358,362],{"class":248,"line":249},[246,359,361],{"class":360},"s9eBZ","jobs",[246,363,365],{"class":364},"sVt8B",":\n",[246,367,368,371],{"class":248,"line":255},[246,369,370],{"class":360},"  build",[246,372,365],{"class":364},[246,374,375,378,381],{"class":248,"line":261},[246,376,377],{"class":360},"    runs-on",[246,379,380],{"class":364},": ",[246,382,384],{"class":383},"sZZnC","ubuntu-latest\n",[246,386,387,390],{"class":248,"line":267},[246,388,389],{"class":360},"    strategy",[246,391,365],{"class":364},[246,393,394,397],{"class":248,"line":273},[246,395,396],{"class":360},"      matrix",[246,398,365],{"class":364},[246,400,401,404,407,410,413,416,418,421,423,425],{"class":248,"line":279},[246,402,403],{"class":360},"        segment",[246,405,406],{"class":364},": [",[246,408,409],{"class":383},"en_de",[246,411,412],{"class":364},", ",[246,414,415],{"class":383},"fr_es",[246,417,412],{"class":364},[246,419,420],{"class":383},"ja_zh",[246,422,412],{"class":364},[246,424,336],{"class":383},[246,426,427],{"class":364},"]\n",[246,429,430,433],{"class":248,"line":285},[246,431,432],{"class":360},"    steps",[246,434,365],{"class":364},[246,436,437,440,443,445],{"class":248,"line":291},[246,438,439],{"class":364},"      - ",[246,441,442],{"class":360},"uses",[246,444,380],{"class":364},[246,446,447],{"class":383},"actions\u002Fcheckout@v4\n",[246,449,450,452,454,456],{"class":248,"line":297},[246,451,439],{"class":364},[246,453,442],{"class":360},[246,455,380],{"class":364},[246,457,458],{"class":383},"peaceiris\u002Factions-hugo@v3\n",[246,460,461,464,467,470,472,475,477,480,482,486],{"class":248,"line":303},[246,462,463],{"class":360},"        with",[246,465,466],{"class":364},": { ",[246,468,469],{"class":360},"hugo-version",[246,471,380],{"class":364},[246,473,474],{"class":383},"'0.139.0'",[246,476,412],{"class":364},[246,478,479],{"class":360},"extended",[246,481,380],{"class":364},[246,483,485],{"class":484},"sj4cs","true",[246,487,488],{"class":364}," }\n",[246,490,491,493,495,497],{"class":248,"line":309},[246,492,439],{"class":364},[246,494,442],{"class":360},[246,496,380],{"class":364},[246,498,499],{"class":383},"actions\u002Fcache@v4\n",[246,501,502,504,506,508,510,513,515,518,520,523,526,529,532,535,537,540,542,545],{"class":248,"line":315},[246,503,463],{"class":360},[246,505,466],{"class":364},[246,507,175],{"class":360},[246,509,380],{"class":364},[246,511,512],{"class":383},"resources\u002F_gen",[246,514,412],{"class":364},[246,516,517],{"class":360},"key",[246,519,380],{"class":364},[246,521,522],{"class":383},"hugo-gen-$",[246,524,525],{"class":364},"{{ ",[246,527,528],{"class":383},"matrix.segment",[246,530,531],{"class":364}," }}",[246,533,534],{"class":383},"-$",[246,536,525],{"class":364},[246,538,539],{"class":383},"hashFiles('assets\u002F**'",[246,541,412],{"class":364},[246,543,544],{"class":383},"'content\u002F**\u002F*.jpg')",[246,546,547],{"class":364}," }} }\n",[246,549,550,552,555,557],{"class":248,"line":321},[246,551,439],{"class":364},[246,553,554],{"class":360},"run",[246,556,380],{"class":364},[246,558,559],{"class":383},"hugo --minify --renderSegments ${{ matrix.segment }} -d out\u002F${{ matrix.segment }}\n",[246,561,562,564,566,568],{"class":248,"line":327},[246,563,439],{"class":364},[246,565,442],{"class":360},[246,567,380],{"class":364},[246,569,570],{"class":383},"actions\u002Fupload-artifact@v4\n",[246,572,574,576,578,581,583,586,588,590,593,595,597,600,602,604,606,609,611,614],{"class":248,"line":573},15,[246,575,463],{"class":360},[246,577,466],{"class":364},[246,579,580],{"class":360},"name",[246,582,380],{"class":364},[246,584,585],{"class":383},"seg-$",[246,587,525],{"class":364},[246,589,528],{"class":383},[246,591,592],{"class":364}," }}, ",[246,594,175],{"class":360},[246,596,380],{"class":364},[246,598,599],{"class":383},"out\u002F$",[246,601,525],{"class":364},[246,603,528],{"class":383},[246,605,592],{"class":364},[246,607,608],{"class":360},"retention-days",[246,610,380],{"class":364},[246,612,613],{"class":484},"1",[246,615,488],{"class":364},[14,617,618,619,622,623,625],{},"Each job loads the whole site — menus, cross-language links and ",[107,620,621],{},".GetPage"," lookups need it — but renders only its segment. The image cache in ",[107,624,512],{}," is cached per segment, since each segment processes its own languages' images.",[37,627,629],{"id":628},"step-3-merge-and-verify","Step 3: Merge and Verify",[14,631,632],{},"A final job downloads every artifact into one directory and checks the result before deploying:",[237,634,636],{"className":351,"code":635,"language":353,"meta":242,"style":242},"  merge:\n    needs: build\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n    steps:\n      - uses: actions\u002Fdownload-artifact@v4\n        with: { path: parts, pattern: seg-*, merge-multiple: false }\n      - run: |\n          mkdir site\n          for d in parts\u002Fseg-*; do rsync -a \"$d\"\u002F site\u002F; done\n          count=$(find site -type f | wc -l)\n          echo \"files: $count\"\n          test \"$count\" -eq \"$(cat .expected-file-count)\"\n",[107,637,638,645,655,663,669,680,715,727,732,737,742,747],{"__ignoreMap":242},[246,639,640,643],{"class":248,"line":249},[246,641,642],{"class":360},"  merge",[246,644,365],{"class":364},[246,646,647,650,652],{"class":248,"line":255},[246,648,649],{"class":360},"    needs",[246,651,380],{"class":364},[246,653,654],{"class":383},"build\n",[246,656,657,659,661],{"class":248,"line":261},[246,658,377],{"class":360},[246,660,380],{"class":364},[246,662,384],{"class":383},[246,664,665,667],{"class":248,"line":267},[246,666,432],{"class":360},[246,668,365],{"class":364},[246,670,671,673,675,677],{"class":248,"line":273},[246,672,439],{"class":364},[246,674,442],{"class":360},[246,676,380],{"class":364},[246,678,679],{"class":383},"actions\u002Fdownload-artifact@v4\n",[246,681,682,684,686,688,690,693,695,698,700,703,705,708,710,713],{"class":248,"line":279},[246,683,463],{"class":360},[246,685,466],{"class":364},[246,687,175],{"class":360},[246,689,380],{"class":364},[246,691,692],{"class":383},"parts",[246,694,412],{"class":364},[246,696,697],{"class":360},"pattern",[246,699,380],{"class":364},[246,701,702],{"class":383},"seg-*",[246,704,412],{"class":364},[246,706,707],{"class":360},"merge-multiple",[246,709,380],{"class":364},[246,711,712],{"class":484},"false",[246,714,488],{"class":364},[246,716,717,719,721,723],{"class":248,"line":285},[246,718,439],{"class":364},[246,720,554],{"class":360},[246,722,380],{"class":364},[246,724,726],{"class":725},"szBVR","|\n",[246,728,729],{"class":248,"line":291},[246,730,731],{"class":383},"          mkdir site\n",[246,733,734],{"class":248,"line":297},[246,735,736],{"class":383},"          for d in parts\u002Fseg-*; do rsync -a \"$d\"\u002F site\u002F; done\n",[246,738,739],{"class":248,"line":303},[246,740,741],{"class":383},"          count=$(find site -type f | wc -l)\n",[246,743,744],{"class":248,"line":309},[246,745,746],{"class":383},"          echo \"files: $count\"\n",[246,748,749],{"class":248,"line":315},[246,750,751],{"class":383},"          test \"$count\" -eq \"$(cat .expected-file-count)\"\n",[14,753,754,757],{},[107,755,756],{},"rsync -a"," copies everything; fingerprinted assets (CSS, JS, shared images) exist in every segment with identical names and content, so later copies overwrite earlier ones harmlessly. The file-count check compares against a count committed to the repository and updated by a weekly full build, and catches the two real risks — a page in no segment (missing output) or a page in two segments (no error, but wasted work).",[112,759,760,891],{},[115,761,123,766,123,769,123,772,123,775,123,876],{"viewBox":762,"role":118,"ariaLabelledBy":763,"xmlns":122},"0 0 760 154",[764,765],"hgpar-flow-title","hgpar-flow-desc",[125,767,768],{"id":764},"CI pipeline with parallel Hugo segment builds and a merge job",[129,770,771],{"id":765},"Five stages. Checkout once per job. Four jobs build in parallel, each rendering one segment, en and de, fr and es, ja and zh, and the global pages. Each uploads its output as an artifact. The merge job combines the artifacts with rsync. It checks the file count against the expected count and deploys.",[133,773],{"x":135,"y":135,"width":136,"height":774,"fill":138},"154",[140,776,143,777,143,785,143,790,143,794,143,798,143,801,143,805,143,808,143,814,143,817,143,820,143,826,143,830,143,835,143,839,143,842,143,845,143,849,143,853,143,857,143,861,143,864,143,867,143,872,123],{"style":142},[133,778],{"x":779,"y":780,"width":781,"height":782,"rx":783,"fill":168,"opacity":784,"stroke":168,"style":180},"20.0","64.0","116.8","74.1","8","0.14",[133,786],{"x":787,"y":780,"width":781,"height":782,"rx":783,"fill":788,"stroke":789,"style":180},"170.8","#f8fafc","#d9e2ef",[175,791],{"d":792,"fill":178,"stroke":179,"style":793},"M138.8 101.1 L166.8 101.1","stroke-width:2px;marker-end:url(#hgpar-flow-arrow)",[133,795],{"x":796,"y":780,"width":781,"height":782,"rx":783,"fill":797,"opacity":784,"stroke":797,"style":180},"321.6","#6a4c93",[175,799],{"d":800,"fill":178,"stroke":179,"style":793},"M289.6 101.1 L317.6 101.1",[133,802],{"x":803,"y":780,"width":781,"height":782,"rx":783,"fill":160,"opacity":804,"stroke":162,"style":180},"472.4","0.24",[175,806],{"d":807,"fill":178,"stroke":179,"style":793},"M440.4 101.1 L468.4 101.1",[133,809],{"x":810,"y":780,"width":781,"height":782,"rx":783,"fill":811,"opacity":812,"stroke":813,"style":180},"623.2","#8ac926","0.2","#5a8a16",[175,815],{"d":816,"fill":178,"stroke":179,"style":793},"M591.2 101.1 L619.2 101.1",[182,818,819],{"x":184,"y":185,"fill":186,"style":187},"Four parallel builds, one merge",[182,821,825],{"x":822,"y":823,"fill":186,"style":824},"78.4","90.4","font-size:13px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","Segment jobs",[182,827,829],{"x":822,"y":828,"fill":186,"style":824},"107.3","×4",[182,831,834],{"x":822,"y":832,"fill":179,"style":833},"124.2","font-size:11px;text-anchor:middle","render in parallel",[182,836,838],{"x":837,"y":823,"fill":186,"style":824},"229.2","Upload",[182,840,841],{"x":837,"y":828,"fill":186,"style":824},"artifacts",[182,843,844],{"x":837,"y":832,"fill":179,"style":833},"one per segment",[182,846,848],{"x":184,"y":847,"fill":186,"style":824},"91.7","Merge",[182,850,852],{"x":184,"y":851,"fill":179,"style":833},"108.6","rsync into one",[182,854,856],{"x":184,"y":855,"fill":179,"style":833},"122.9","tree",[182,858,860],{"x":859,"y":823,"fill":186,"style":824},"530.8","Verify file",[182,862,863],{"x":859,"y":828,"fill":186,"style":824},"count",[182,865,866],{"x":859,"y":832,"fill":179,"style":833},"against expected",[182,868,871],{"x":869,"y":870,"fill":186,"style":824},"681.6","98.8","Deploy",[182,873,875],{"x":869,"y":874,"fill":179,"style":833},"115.7","one atomic upload",[877,878,143,879,123],"defs",{},[880,881,887,888,143],"marker",{"id":882,"viewBox":883,"refX":783,"refY":884,"markerWidth":885,"markerHeight":885,"orient":886},"hgpar-flow-arrow","0 0 10 10","5","7","auto-start-reverse","\n      ",[175,889],{"d":890,"fill":179},"M0 0 L10 5 L0 10 z",[226,892,893],{},"The four build jobs finish within about 40 seconds of each other because the segments are balanced by size.",[37,895,897],{"id":896},"step-4-balance-the-segments","Step 4: Balance the Segments",[14,899,900],{},"The first split put English alone in one segment and grouped the other five languages; the English job took 7 minutes while the others finished in 3. Total time is the slowest job plus the merge, so balance matters more than the number of jobs. Rendered file counts per language guided the regrouping into the pairs above. A quick way to see per-language render cost is to build each language as its own segment once and time it.",[37,902,904],{"id":903},"step-5-handle-site-wide-outputs","Step 5: Handle Site-Wide Outputs",[14,906,907],{},"Three outputs needed care:",[42,909,910,919,925],{},[45,911,912,916,917,35],{},[913,914,915],"strong",{},"Sitemaps."," In a multilingual site, Hugo renders a sitemap per language plus a root sitemap index. Per-language sitemaps render in their language's segment; the index renders in ",[107,918,336],{},[45,920,921,924],{},[913,922,923],{},"RSS feeds."," Per-language feeds follow their language; no change needed.",[45,926,927,930],{},[913,928,929],{},"Search index."," The site's Pagefind index needs the complete HTML, so it runs in the merge job after rsync, not in a segment job. It adds about 50 seconds to the merge.",[37,932,934],{"id":933},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[59,936,937,953],{},[62,938,939],{},[65,940,941,944,947,950],{},[68,942,943],{},"Setup",[68,945,946],{},"Wall-clock to deploy",[68,948,949],{},"Runner minutes billed",[68,951,952],{},"Peak memory per job",[78,954,955,968,981],{},[65,956,957,960,963,966],{},[83,958,959],{},"1 × 4-core",[83,961,962],{},"18 min 30 s",[83,964,965],{},"18.5 (×1 rate)",[83,967,91],{},[65,969,970,973,976,979],{},[83,971,972],{},"1 × 16-core",[83,974,975],{},"7 min 40 s",[83,977,978],{},"7.7 (×4 rate) ≈ 31",[83,980,102],{},[65,982,983,986,989,992],{},[83,984,985],{},"4 × 4-core segments + merge",[83,987,988],{},"5 min 10 s",[83,990,991],{},"17.8 (×1 rate)",[83,993,994],{},"6.2 GB",[14,996,997],{},"Parallel segments were faster than the 16-core runner and cost about the same as the single 4-core build, because standard runners are billed at a quarter of the 16-core rate. The memory per job fell enough that builds no longer risked hitting the 16 GB limit.",[112,999,1000,1107],{},[115,1001,123,1006,123,1009,123,1012,123,1015],{"viewBox":1002,"role":118,"ariaLabelledBy":1003,"xmlns":122},"0 0 760 248",[1004,1005],"hgpar-cost-title","hgpar-cost-desc",[125,1007,1008],{"id":1004},"Wall-clock time and billed minutes for three build setups",[129,1010,1011],{"id":1005},"Paired bars for three setups. One 4-core runner took 18.5 minutes and billed 18.5 standard minutes. One 16-core runner took 7.7 minutes and billed about 31 standard-equivalent minutes. Four parallel 4-core segment jobs plus merge took 5.2 minutes and billed 17.8 standard minutes.",[133,1013],{"x":135,"y":135,"width":136,"height":1014,"fill":138},"248",[140,1016,143,1017,143,1024,143,1027,143,1033,143,1036,143,1040,143,1044,143,1048,143,1052,143,1055,143,1058,143,1064,143,1068,143,1071,143,1077,143,1080,143,1083,143,1088,143,1093,143,1097,143,1102,123],{"style":142},[133,1018],{"x":1019,"y":1020,"width":1021,"height":1022,"rx":1023,"fill":168,"opacity":152,"stroke":168,"style":154},"217.7","50.0","14.0","12.0","2",[133,1025],{"x":1026,"y":1020,"width":1021,"height":1022,"rx":1023,"fill":160,"opacity":161,"stroke":162,"style":154},"381.2",[133,1028],{"x":1029,"y":1030,"width":1031,"height":1032,"rx":150,"fill":168,"opacity":152,"stroke":168,"style":154},"230.0","82.0","279.4","16.0",[133,1034],{"x":1029,"y":1035,"width":1031,"height":1032,"rx":150,"fill":160,"opacity":161,"stroke":162,"style":154},"102.0",[133,1037],{"x":1029,"y":1038,"width":1039,"height":1032,"rx":150,"fill":168,"opacity":152,"stroke":168,"style":154},"134.0","116.3",[133,1041],{"x":1029,"y":1042,"width":1043,"height":1032,"rx":150,"fill":160,"opacity":161,"stroke":162,"style":154},"154.0","468.2",[133,1045],{"x":1029,"y":1046,"width":1047,"height":1032,"rx":150,"fill":168,"opacity":152,"stroke":168,"style":154},"186.0","78.5",[133,1049],{"x":1029,"y":1050,"width":1051,"height":1032,"rx":150,"fill":160,"opacity":161,"stroke":162,"style":154},"206.0","268.8",[175,1053],{"d":1054,"fill":178,"stroke":179,"style":180},"M230.0 78.0 L230.0 228.0",[182,1056,1057],{"x":184,"y":185,"fill":186,"style":187},"Time and cost for each setup",[182,1059,1063],{"x":1060,"y":1061,"fill":179,"style":1062},"237.7","60.0","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start","Wall-clock minutes",[182,1065,1067],{"x":1066,"y":1061,"fill":179,"style":1062},"401.2","Billed standard minutes",[182,1069,959],{"x":779,"y":1070,"fill":186,"style":1062},"105.2",[182,1072,1076],{"x":1073,"y":1074,"fill":186,"style":1075},"516.4","94.5","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700","18.5",[182,1078,1076],{"x":1073,"y":1079,"fill":186,"style":1075},"114.5",[182,1081,972],{"x":779,"y":1082,"fill":186,"style":1062},"157.2",[182,1084,1087],{"x":1085,"y":1086,"fill":186,"style":1075},"353.3","146.5","7.7",[182,1089,1092],{"x":1090,"y":1091,"fill":186,"style":1075},"705.2","166.5","31",[182,1094,1096],{"x":779,"y":1095,"fill":186,"style":1062},"209.2","4 segments + merge",[182,1098,1101],{"x":1099,"y":1100,"fill":186,"style":1075},"315.5","198.5","5.2",[182,1103,1106],{"x":1104,"y":1105,"fill":186,"style":1075},"505.8","218.5","17.8",[226,1108,1109],{},"Billed minutes normalised to the standard runner rate; median of five deploys each.",[37,1111,1113],{"id":1112},"preview-deploys","Preview Deploys",[14,1115,1116,1117,1119],{},"Pull request previews use the same matrix, but most content pull requests touch one language. A small step at the start of the workflow inspects the changed paths and, when every change is under one language's content folder, builds only that language's segment plus ",[107,1118,336],{},", then merges it over the latest production output downloaded from the artifact store. Preview deploys for single-language changes dropped to about 3 minutes. Changes to templates, configuration or shared data always trigger all segments, because they can affect every page.",[37,1121,1123],{"id":1122},"when-not-to-do-this","When Not to Do This",[14,1125,1126,1127,1131],{},"Below roughly 20,000 pages or 3 minutes of build time, parallel segments add complexity for little gain: the repeated content loading phase in every job eats the savings, and the merge job adds a minute. Try ",[26,1128,1130],{"href":1129},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fhugo-build-times-for-large-repositories\u002Fhugo-partialcached-for-faster-builds\u002F","Hugo partialCached for Faster Builds",", the image cache and template profiling first. Segments shine when rendering, not loading, dominates — which on Hugo is true only for very large sites.",[37,1133,1135],{"id":1134},"pitfalls-rollback","Pitfalls & Rollback",[42,1137,1138,1144,1150,1156,1162],{},[45,1139,1140,1143],{},[913,1141,1142],{},"Segments that overlap or leave gaps."," Verify the merged file count on every deploy.",[45,1145,1146,1149],{},[913,1147,1148],{},"Rendering site-wide files in several segments."," Put home, sitemap index, robots and 404 in one segment.",[45,1151,1152,1155],{},[913,1153,1154],{},"Unbalanced segments."," Total time is the slowest job; balance by rendered output.",[45,1157,1158,1161],{},[913,1159,1160],{},"Running the search indexer per segment."," Index the merged output once.",[45,1163,1164,1167,1168,1171,1172,1175],{},[913,1165,1166],{},"Rollback:"," a single ",[107,1169,1170],{},"hugo --minify"," job still works unchanged; the segment config is ignored when ",[107,1173,1174],{},"--renderSegments"," is not passed.",[37,1177,1179],{"id":1178},"conclusion","Conclusion",[14,1181,1182],{},"For a very large Hugo site, segments let you split rendering across parallel CI jobs while every job still sees the whole site. On 140,000 pages in six languages, four balanced segments and a verified merge cut deploy time from 18.5 minutes to just over 5, at the cost of the standard runner, and halved peak memory per job.",[37,1184,1186],{"id":1185},"faq","FAQ",[1188,1189,1191],"h3",{"id":1190},"can-hugo-build-part-of-a-site","Can Hugo build part of a site?",[14,1193,1194],{},"Yes. Hugo 0.124 introduced segments, defined in the site configuration with include and exclude filters on language, kind, path and output format. Running hugo with the renderSegments flag renders only the pages in the named segments, while still loading the whole site so cross-references and menus resolve correctly.",[1188,1196,1198],{"id":1197},"is-it-faster-to-parallelise-across-jobs-or-use-a-bigger-runner","Is it faster to parallelise across jobs or use a bigger runner?",[14,1200,1201],{},"It depends on where time goes. Hugo already uses all cores within one build, so a bigger runner helps up to the point where loading content and memory dominate. Parallel jobs each load the whole site, so the load phase is repeated. On the 140,000-page site in this guide, four parallel jobs beat a single 16-core runner by about a third, because rendering dominated.",[1188,1203,1205],{"id":1204},"what-breaks-when-merging-segment-outputs","What breaks when merging segment outputs?",[14,1207,1208],{},"Anything rendered once for the whole site. The sitemap, RSS feeds, search index and the home page must be rendered in exactly one segment, and shared assets with fingerprinted names are identical across segments, so copying them is harmless. A file-count check after merging catches missing or duplicated output.",[1188,1210,1212],{"id":1211},"do-segments-reduce-memory-per-job","Do segments reduce memory per job?",[14,1214,1215],{},"Somewhat. Every job still loads all content, which is a large part of memory use, but rendering fewer pages reduces peak memory. On this site peak memory per job fell from 11 GB for the full build to 6.2 GB per segment.",[37,1217,1219],{"id":1218},"related","Related",[42,1221,1222,1231,1236,1243,1253],{},[45,1223,1224,1227,1228,1230],{},[913,1225,1226],{},"Parent:"," ",[26,1229,29],{"href":28}," — the full set of Hugo build optimisations.",[45,1232,1233,1235],{},[26,1234,34],{"href":33}," — segment configuration in depth.",[45,1237,1238,1242],{},[26,1239,1241],{"href":1240},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fgithub-actions-for-automated-ssg-builds\u002Fmatrix-builds-for-multi-site-monorepos\u002F","Matrix Builds for Multi-Site Monorepos"," — the matrix pattern for separate sites.",[45,1244,1245,1249,1250,1252],{},[26,1246,1248],{"href":1247},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fhugo-build-times-for-large-repositories\u002Fhugo-image-processing-cache-in-ci\u002F","Hugo Image Processing Cache in CI"," — caching ",[107,1251,512],{}," per job.",[45,1254,1255,1259],{},[26,1256,1258],{"href":1257},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Finternationalization-for-static-sites\u002Fmultilingual-sites-with-hugo\u002F","Multilingual Sites with Hugo"," — the language setup the segments split on.",[1261,1262,1263],"style",{},"html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s9eBZ, html code.shiki .s9eBZ{--shiki-default:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki 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Marketing",{"path":1589,"title":1590},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fnextjs-static-export-for-content-sites\u002Fnextjs-static-export-vs-gatsby-for-existing-react-sites","Next.js Static Export vs Gatsby for Existing React Sites",{"path":1592,"title":1593},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fnextjs-static-export-for-content-sites\u002Foptimizing-images-in-nextjs-static-export","Optimizing Images in Next.js Static Export",{"path":1595,"title":1596},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fnextjs-static-export-for-content-sites\u002Ftrailing-slash-and-basepath-in-nextjs-static-export","Trailing Slash and basePath in Next.js Static Export",{"path":1598,"title":1599},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fnextjs-static-export-for-content-sites\u002Fusing-mdx-in-nextjs-static-export","Using MDX in Next.js Static 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2026",{"path":1655,"title":1656},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix","SSG Framework Selection Matrix",{"path":1658,"title":1659},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix\u002Fpicking-an-ssg-for-a-multi-language-documentation-site","Picking an SSG for a Multi-Language Docs Site",{"path":1661,"title":1662},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix\u002Fscoring-ssg-long-term-maintenance-risk","Scoring SSG Long-Term Maintenance Risk",{"path":1664,"title":1665},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix\u002Fssg-selection-checklist-for-engineering-teams","SSG Selection Checklist for Engineering 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Sites",{"path":1679,"title":1680},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-pages-crawled-but-not-indexed-on-static-sites","Fixing Pages Crawled but Not Indexed on Static Sites",{"path":1682,"title":1683},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-soft-404s-on-static-hosts","Fixing Soft 404s on Static Hosts",{"path":1685,"title":1686},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-breadcrumb-structured-data-in-astro","Generating Breadcrumb Structured Data in Astro",{"path":1688,"title":1689},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-sitemaps-for-large-static-sites","Generating Sitemaps for Large Static Sites",{"path":1691,"title":1692},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites","Technical SEO for Static Sites",{"path":1694,"title":1695},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frobots-txt-and-noindex-for-preview-and-staging","robots.txt and noindex for Preview and Staging",{"path":1697,"title":1698},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frss-and-atom-feeds-for-static-blogs","RSS and Atom Feeds for Static Blogs",{"path":1700,"title":1701},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fseo-safe-pagination-and-tag-pages","SEO-Safe Pagination and Tag Pages",{"path":1703,"title":1704},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-busting-with-content-hashed-filenames","Cache Busting with Content-Hashed Filenames",{"path":1706,"title":1707},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-for-static-sites-in-nginx","Cache-Control Headers for Static Sites in Nginx",{"path":1709,"title":1710},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-on-s3-and-cloudfront","Cache-Control Headers on S3 and CloudFront",{"path":1712,"title":1713},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-on-vercel-for-static-sites","Cache-Control Headers on Vercel for Static Sites",{"path":1715,"title":1716},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-keys-and-query-strings-on-cdns","Cache Keys and Query Strings on CDNs",{"path":1718,"title":1719},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcaching-404s-and-redirects-at-the-edge","Caching 404s and Redirects at the Edge",{"path":1721,"title":1722},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcloudflare-vs-cloudfront-cache-hit-ratios-for-static-sites","Cloudflare vs CloudFront Cache Hit Ratios for Static Sites",{"path":1724,"title":1725},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ffixing-stale-html-after-deploys-on-cloudflare","Fixing Stale HTML After Deploys on Cloudflare",{"path":1727,"title":1728},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs","CDN Caching Rules for SSGs",{"path":1730,"title":1731},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fpurging-the-cdn-cache-after-a-static-deploy","Purging the CDN Cache After a Static Deploy",{"path":1733,"title":1734},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fsetting-cache-control-headers-on-cloudflare-pages","Cache-Control Headers on Cloudflare Pages",{"path":1736,"title":1737},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fsetting-up-proper-cache-headers-on-netlify","Proper Cache Headers on Netlify for SSGs",{"path":1739,"title":1740},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fstale-while-revalidate-for-static-html","Stale-While-Revalidate for Static HTML",{"path":1742,"title":1743},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ftiered-caching-and-origin-shield","Tiered Caching and Origin Shield",{"path":1745,"title":1746},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fcode-splitting-and-module-preload-in-vite-based-ssgs","Code Splitting and Module Preload in Vite-Based SSGs",{"path":1748,"title":1749},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-missing-tailwind-classes-in-production-builds","Fixing Missing Tailwind Classes in Production Builds",{"path":1751,"title":1752},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-unused-javascript-warnings-on-static-pages","Fixing Unused JavaScript Warnings on Static Pages",{"path":1754,"title":1755},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization","CSS and JavaScript Asset Optimization",{"path":1757,"title":1758},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Finlining-critical-css-on-static-sites","Inlining Critical CSS on Static Sites",{"path":1760,"title":1761},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fkeeping-tailwind-css-output-small-on-static-sites","Keeping Tailwind CSS Output Small on Static Sites",{"path":1763,"title":1764},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fminifying-html-css-and-js-in-eleventy","Minifying HTML, CSS and JS in Eleventy",{"path":1766,"title":1767},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fprecompressing-assets-with-brotli-and-zstd","Precompressing Assets with Brotli and Zstd",{"path":1769,"title":1770},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fpurging-unused-css-with-tailwind-and-lightningcss","Purging Unused CSS with Tailwind and Lightning CSS",{"path":1772,"title":1773},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fsvg-icon-sprites-vs-inline-icons","SVG Icon Sprites vs Inline Icons",{"path":1775,"title":1776},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ftailwind-v4-in-astro-without-postcss-plugins","Tailwind v4 in Astro Without PostCSS Plugins",{"path":1778,"title":1779},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fcls-from-client-side-rendered-components","CLS from Client-Side Rendered Components",{"path":1781,"title":1782},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fdebugging-cls-with-the-layout-instability-api","Debugging CLS with the Layout Instability API",{"path":1784,"title":1785},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Feliminating-layout-shift-from-web-fonts","Eliminating Layout Shift From Web Fonts",{"path":1787,"title":1788},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-cookie-banners","Fixing CLS from Cookie Banners",{"path":1790,"title":1791},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-dynamic-table-of-contents-widgets","Fixing CLS From Dynamic Table of Contents Widgets",{"path":1793,"title":1794},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-images-without-dimensions-in-markdown","Fixing CLS From Images Without Dimensions in Markdown",{"path":1796,"title":1797},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-late-loading-embeds","Fixing CLS From Late-Loading Embeds",{"path":1799,"title":1800},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-sticky-headers-and-anchor-links","Fixing CLS from Sticky Headers and Anchor Links",{"path":1802,"title":1803},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites","Cumulative Layout Shift Fixes for Static Sites",{"path":1805,"title":1806},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-cls-in-the-field-with-web-vitals-js","Measuring CLS in the Field With web-vitals.js",{"path":1808,"title":1809},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-ad-and-promo-slots","Reserving Space for Ad and Promo Slots",{"path":1811,"title":1812},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-images-and-embeds-to-stop-layout-shift","Reserving Space for Images and Embeds",{"path":1814,"title":1815},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fauditing-font-payload-per-page","Auditing Font Payload per 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