[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1816},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-busting-with-content-hashed-filenames":3,"all-docs-nav":1274},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1250,"dateModified":1259,"datePublished":1259,"description":1260,"extension":1261,"faq":1262,"meta":1267,"navigation":1268,"path":1269,"seo":1270,"slug":12,"stem":1271,"type":1272,"__hash__":1273},"content\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-busting-with-content-hashed-filenames\u002Findex.md","Cache Busting with Content-Hashed Filenames",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1232},"minimark",[9,13,26,35,40,62,66,69,130,140,282,286,309,315,350,357,374,626,630,637,735,739,742,745,889,896,900,912,916,926,997,1084,1088,1142,1146,1152,1156,1161,1164,1168,1171,1175,1178,1182,1185,1189,1228],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"cache-busting-with-content-hashed-filenames",[14,15,16,17,21,22,25],"p",{},"The fastest request is one the browser never makes. For a static site, that means serving CSS, JavaScript, fonts and images with a ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"Cache-Control"," lifetime of a year and the ",[18,23,24],{},"immutable"," directive, so a returning reader's browser uses its copy without even revalidating. The catch is obvious: if the file changes, readers keep the old one for a year. Content-hashed filenames resolve that tension. The URL contains a hash of the file's bytes; when the bytes change, the URL changes, and the new HTML points at a URL no cache has seen.",[14,27,28,29,34],{},"This guide sets up fingerprinting across every asset type in Astro, Hugo and Eleventy, pairs it with the two-tier cache policy, and measures the effect on repeat visits. It is part of ",[30,31,33],"a",{"href":32},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002F","CDN Caching Rules for SSGs",".",[36,37,39],"h2",{"id":38},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[41,42,43,47,59],"ul",{},[44,45,46],"li",{},"A static site with a build step that can rename assets.",[44,48,49,50,54,55,34],{},"Control over response headers at the host — see ",[30,51,53],{"href":52},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fsetting-cache-control-headers-on-cloudflare-pages\u002F","Setting Cache-Control Headers on Cloudflare Pages"," or ",[30,56,58],{"href":57},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fsetting-up-proper-cache-headers-on-netlify\u002F","Setting Up Proper Cache Headers on Netlify",[44,60,61],{},"An atomic deploy, or a plan for keeping old assets around briefly.",[36,63,65],{"id":64},"the-two-tier-policy","The Two-Tier Policy",[14,67,68],{},"Hashing only works together with the right headers. Two tiers cover every file on a static site:",[70,71,72,87],"table",{},[73,74,75],"thead",{},[76,77,78,82,85],"tr",{},[79,80,81],"th",{},"Tier",[79,83,84],{},"Files",[79,86,20],{},[88,89,90,104],"tbody",{},[76,91,92,96,99],{},[93,94,95],"td",{},"Immutable",[93,97,98],{},"anything with a content hash in its name",[93,100,101],{},[18,102,103],{},"public, max-age=31536000, immutable",[76,105,106,109,120],{},[93,107,108],{},"Revalidating",[93,110,111,112,115,116,119],{},"HTML, ",[18,113,114],{},"sitemap.xml",", ",[18,117,118],{},"robots.txt",", feeds, unhashed entry files",[93,121,122,125,126,129],{},[18,123,124],{},"public, max-age=0, must-revalidate"," (or a short max-age with ",[18,127,128],{},"stale-while-revalidate",")",[14,131,132,133,135,136,139],{},"HTML is the pointer file: it is always fetched fresh (or revalidated cheaply with an ETag), and it names the current hashed assets. Everything the HTML points to can then be immutable. The ",[18,134,24],{}," directive matters beyond a long ",[18,137,138],{},"max-age",": without it, some browsers still revalidate cached subresources when the reader presses reload, sending a conditional request for every asset on the page.",[141,142,143,278],"figure",{},[144,145,152,153,152,157,152,161,152,168,152,263],"svg",{"viewBox":146,"role":147,"ariaLabelledBy":148,"xmlns":151},"0 0 760 290","img",[149,150],"chf-flow-title","chf-flow-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[154,155,156],"title",{"id":149},"How hashed filenames make year-long caching safe",[158,159,160],"desc",{"id":150},"Before a deploy, index.html references app.3f9a2c.css, which the browser has cached for a year. After a deploy that changes the CSS, the revalidated index.html references app.b71e04.css, a new URL, so the browser fetches it once and caches it for a year. Unchanged assets keep their old hash and are never re-downloaded.",[162,163],"rect",{"x":164,"y":164,"width":165,"height":166,"fill":167},"0","760","290","#ffffff",[169,170,172,173,172,181,172,187,172,197,172,203,172,209,172,213,172,217,172,221,172,225,172,227,172,231,172,236,172,239,172,241,172,244,172,258,152],"g",{"style":171},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px","\n    ",[174,175,180],"text",{"x":176,"y":177,"fill":178,"style":179},"380","28","#1f2937","font-size:16px;font-weight:700;text-anchor:middle","HTML is fresh; everything it points to is forever",[174,182,186],{"x":183,"y":184,"fill":178,"style":185},"30","80","font-weight:700","Before deploy",[162,188],{"x":189,"y":190,"width":191,"height":192,"rx":193,"fill":194,"opacity":195,"stroke":194,"style":196},"150","60","170","36","6","#1982c4","0.14","stroke-width:1px",[174,198,202],{"x":199,"y":200,"fill":178,"style":201},"235","83","text-anchor:middle","index.html (revalidate)",[162,204],{"x":205,"y":190,"width":191,"height":192,"rx":193,"fill":206,"opacity":207,"stroke":208,"style":196},"370","#8ac926","0.2","#5a8a16",[174,210,212],{"x":211,"y":200,"fill":178,"style":201},"455","app.3f9a2c.css (cached)",[162,214],{"x":215,"y":190,"width":216,"height":192,"rx":193,"fill":206,"opacity":207,"stroke":208,"style":196},"570","160",[174,218,220],{"x":219,"y":200,"fill":178,"style":201},"650","font.9c10.woff2",[174,222,224],{"x":183,"y":223,"fill":178,"style":185},"180","After deploy",[162,226],{"x":189,"y":216,"width":191,"height":192,"rx":193,"fill":194,"opacity":195,"stroke":194,"style":196},[174,228,230],{"x":199,"y":229,"fill":178,"style":201},"183","index.html (new refs)",[162,232],{"x":205,"y":216,"width":191,"height":192,"rx":193,"fill":233,"opacity":234,"stroke":235,"style":196},"#ffca3a","0.3","#a97b00",[174,237,238],{"x":211,"y":229,"fill":178,"style":201},"app.b71e04.css (fetch once)",[162,240],{"x":215,"y":216,"width":216,"height":192,"rx":193,"fill":206,"opacity":207,"stroke":208,"style":196},[174,242,243],{"x":219,"y":229,"fill":178,"style":201},"font.9c10.woff2 (same)",[169,245,249,250,249,255,172],{"stroke":246,"fill":247,"style":248},"#556071","none","stroke-width:2px","\n      ",[251,252],"path",{"d":253,"style":254},"M322 78 L366 78","marker-end:url(#chf-arrow)",[251,256],{"d":257,"style":254},"M322 178 L366 178",[174,259,262],{"x":176,"y":260,"fill":246,"style":261},"240","font-size:11px;text-anchor:middle","Only files whose bytes changed get new URLs; unchanged fonts and images are never re-downloaded",[264,265,172,266,152],"defs",{},[267,268,249,275,172],"marker",{"id":269,"viewBox":270,"refX":271,"refY":272,"markerWidth":273,"markerHeight":273,"orient":274},"chf-arrow","0 0 10 10","8","5","7","auto-start-reverse",[251,276],{"d":277,"fill":246},"M0 0 L10 5 L0 10 z",[279,280,281],"figcaption",{},"A deploy that changes one stylesheet costs returning readers exactly one download.",[36,283,285],{"id":284},"fingerprinting-in-each-generator","Fingerprinting in Each Generator",[14,287,288,292,293,296,297,300,301,304,305,308],{},[289,290,291],"strong",{},"Astro"," (Vite) hashes bundled CSS and JavaScript into ",[18,294,295],{},"\u002F_astro\u002F"," automatically, and images processed through ",[18,298,299],{},"astro:assets"," get hashed names too. Files in ",[18,302,303],{},"public\u002F"," are copied as-is and are not hashed — anything placed there needs the revalidating tier, or should move into ",[18,306,307],{},"src\u002F"," and be imported.",[14,310,311,314],{},[289,312,313],{},"Hugo"," fingerprints anything passed through Hugo Pipes:",[316,317,322],"pre",{"className":318,"code":319,"language":320,"meta":321,"style":321},"language-go-html-template shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","{{ $css := resources.Get \"css\u002Fmain.css\" | minify | fingerprint \"sha256\" }}\n\u003Clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"{{ $css.RelPermalink }}\" integrity=\"{{ $css.Data.Integrity }}\">\n{{ $hero := (.Resources.Get \"hero.jpg\").Resize \"1200x webp q78\" }}\n\u003Cimg src=\"{{ $hero.RelPermalink }}\" width=\"{{ $hero.Width }}\" height=\"{{ $hero.Height }}\" alt=\"\">\n","go-html-template","",[18,323,324,332,338,344],{"__ignoreMap":321},[325,326,329],"span",{"class":327,"line":328},"line",1,[325,330,331],{},"{{ $css := resources.Get \"css\u002Fmain.css\" | minify | fingerprint \"sha256\" }}\n",[325,333,335],{"class":327,"line":334},2,[325,336,337],{},"\u003Clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"{{ $css.RelPermalink }}\" integrity=\"{{ $css.Data.Integrity }}\">\n",[325,339,341],{"class":327,"line":340},3,[325,342,343],{},"{{ $hero := (.Resources.Get \"hero.jpg\").Resize \"1200x webp q78\" }}\n",[325,345,347],{"class":327,"line":346},4,[325,348,349],{},"\u003Cimg src=\"{{ $hero.RelPermalink }}\" width=\"{{ $hero.Width }}\" height=\"{{ $hero.Height }}\" alt=\"\">\n",[14,351,352,353,356],{},"Processed images get a hash in their generated filename. Files under ",[18,354,355],{},"static\u002F"," are copied unchanged and unhashed.",[14,358,359,362,363,54,366,369,370,373],{},[289,360,361],{},"Eleventy"," has no bundler by default. Options: the ",[18,364,365],{},"eleventy-plugin-bundle",[18,367,368],{},"@11ty\u002Feleventy-img"," for images (which hashes output filenames), a small ",[18,371,372],{},"addFilter('hash', …)"," that reads a file, hashes it and returns a renamed copy's URL, or a Vite\u002Fesbuild step that emits a manifest the templates read.",[316,375,379],{"className":376,"code":377,"language":378,"meta":321,"style":321},"language-js shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","\u002F\u002F eleventy.config.js — minimal content-hash filter\nimport { createHash } from 'node:crypto';\nimport { readFileSync, copyFileSync } from 'node:fs';\neleventyConfig.addFilter('hashed', (path) => {\n  const buf = readFileSync(`src${path}`);\n  const h = createHash('sha256').update(buf).digest('hex').slice(0, 10);\n  const out = path.replace(\u002F(\\.\\w+)$\u002F, `.${h}$1`);\n  copyFileSync(`src${path}`, `_site${out}`);\n  return out;\n});\n","js",[18,380,381,387,407,421,451,480,531,585,611,620],{"__ignoreMap":321},[325,382,383],{"class":327,"line":328},[325,384,386],{"class":385},"sJ8bj","\u002F\u002F eleventy.config.js — minimal content-hash filter\n",[325,388,389,393,397,400,404],{"class":327,"line":334},[325,390,392],{"class":391},"szBVR","import",[325,394,396],{"class":395},"sVt8B"," { createHash } ",[325,398,399],{"class":391},"from",[325,401,403],{"class":402},"sZZnC"," 'node:crypto'",[325,405,406],{"class":395},";\n",[325,408,409,411,414,416,419],{"class":327,"line":340},[325,410,392],{"class":391},[325,412,413],{"class":395}," { readFileSync, copyFileSync } ",[325,415,399],{"class":391},[325,417,418],{"class":402}," 'node:fs'",[325,420,406],{"class":395},[325,422,423,426,430,433,436,439,442,445,448],{"class":327,"line":346},[325,424,425],{"class":395},"eleventyConfig.",[325,427,429],{"class":428},"sScJk","addFilter",[325,431,432],{"class":395},"(",[325,434,435],{"class":402},"'hashed'",[325,437,438],{"class":395},", (",[325,440,251],{"class":441},"s4XuR",[325,443,444],{"class":395},") ",[325,446,447],{"class":391},"=>",[325,449,450],{"class":395}," {\n",[325,452,454,457,461,464,467,469,472,474,477],{"class":327,"line":453},5,[325,455,456],{"class":391},"  const",[325,458,460],{"class":459},"sj4cs"," buf",[325,462,463],{"class":391}," =",[325,465,466],{"class":428}," readFileSync",[325,468,432],{"class":395},[325,470,471],{"class":402},"`src${",[325,473,251],{"class":395},[325,475,476],{"class":402},"}`",[325,478,479],{"class":395},");\n",[325,481,483,485,488,490,493,495,498,501,504,507,510,512,515,517,520,522,524,526,529],{"class":327,"line":482},6,[325,484,456],{"class":391},[325,486,487],{"class":459}," h",[325,489,463],{"class":391},[325,491,492],{"class":428}," createHash",[325,494,432],{"class":395},[325,496,497],{"class":402},"'sha256'",[325,499,500],{"class":395},").",[325,502,503],{"class":428},"update",[325,505,506],{"class":395},"(buf).",[325,508,509],{"class":428},"digest",[325,511,432],{"class":395},[325,513,514],{"class":402},"'hex'",[325,516,500],{"class":395},[325,518,519],{"class":428},"slice",[325,521,432],{"class":395},[325,523,164],{"class":459},[325,525,115],{"class":395},[325,527,528],{"class":459},"10",[325,530,479],{"class":395},[325,532,534,536,539,541,544,547,549,552,555,559,562,565,567,570,572,574,577,580,583],{"class":327,"line":533},7,[325,535,456],{"class":391},[325,537,538],{"class":459}," out",[325,540,463],{"class":391},[325,542,543],{"class":395}," path.",[325,545,546],{"class":428},"replace",[325,548,432],{"class":395},[325,550,551],{"class":402},"\u002F",[325,553,432],{"class":554},"sA_wV",[325,556,558],{"class":557},"snhLl","\\.",[325,560,561],{"class":459},"\\w",[325,563,564],{"class":391},"+",[325,566,129],{"class":554},[325,568,569],{"class":391},"$",[325,571,551],{"class":402},[325,573,115],{"class":395},[325,575,576],{"class":402},"`.${",[325,578,579],{"class":395},"h",[325,581,582],{"class":402},"}$1`",[325,584,479],{"class":395},[325,586,588,591,593,595,597,599,601,604,607,609],{"class":327,"line":587},8,[325,589,590],{"class":428},"  copyFileSync",[325,592,432],{"class":395},[325,594,471],{"class":402},[325,596,251],{"class":395},[325,598,476],{"class":402},[325,600,115],{"class":395},[325,602,603],{"class":402},"`_site${",[325,605,606],{"class":395},"out",[325,608,476],{"class":402},[325,610,479],{"class":395},[325,612,614,617],{"class":327,"line":613},9,[325,615,616],{"class":391},"  return",[325,618,619],{"class":395}," out;\n",[325,621,623],{"class":327,"line":622},10,[325,624,625],{"class":395},"});\n",[36,627,629],{"id":628},"fonts-images-and-everything-referenced-from-css","Fonts, Images and Everything Referenced From CSS",[14,631,632,633,34],{},"The subtle cases are files referenced from inside other files. A font URL inside CSS, a background image inside CSS, a chunk imported by JavaScript: when they change, the referencing file's contents change too, so its hash must change as well. Bundlers handle this by processing references and hashing bottom-up. Hand-rolled setups often do not — the CSS keeps the same hash while the font it points to changed, so readers keep the old font for a year. Let the bundler own every asset that is referenced from CSS or JavaScript, as recommended in ",[30,634,636],{"href":635},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosting-google-fonts-to-eliminate-layout-shift\u002F","Self-Hosting Google Fonts to Eliminate Layout Shift",[141,638,639,732],{},[144,640,152,645,152,648,152,651,152,654,152,725],{"viewBox":641,"role":147,"ariaLabelledBy":642,"xmlns":151},"0 0 760 250",[643,644],"chf-dep-title","chf-dep-desc",[154,646,647],{"id":643},"Hash changes must propagate up the reference chain",[158,649,650],{"id":644},"A font file changes, so its hash changes from 9c10 to 4e22. The stylesheet that references it now contains a different URL, so its hash must change too, from 3f9a to b71e. The HTML references the new stylesheet. If the stylesheet were hashed before its references were rewritten, it would keep its old hash and readers would keep the old font.",[162,652],{"x":164,"y":164,"width":165,"height":653,"fill":167},"250",[169,655,172,656,172,659,172,666,172,672,172,676,172,679,172,682,172,685,172,688,172,692,172,695,172,704,172,709,172,712,172,720,152],{"style":171},[174,657,658],{"x":176,"y":177,"fill":178,"style":179},"Hash bottom-up: leaf changes must reach the HTML",[162,660],{"x":661,"y":662,"width":191,"height":663,"rx":528,"fill":233,"opacity":664,"stroke":235,"style":665},"40","90","56","0.26","stroke-width:1.5px",[174,667,671],{"x":668,"y":669,"fill":178,"style":670},"125","114","font-weight:700;text-anchor:middle","inter.4e22.woff2",[174,673,675],{"x":668,"y":674,"fill":246,"style":261},"132","font changed",[162,677],{"x":678,"y":662,"width":191,"height":663,"rx":528,"fill":233,"opacity":664,"stroke":235,"style":665},"295",[174,680,681],{"x":176,"y":669,"fill":178,"style":670},"main.b71e.css",[174,683,684],{"x":176,"y":674,"fill":246,"style":261},"url() rewritten → new hash",[162,686],{"x":687,"y":662,"width":191,"height":663,"rx":528,"fill":194,"opacity":195,"stroke":194,"style":665},"550",[174,689,691],{"x":690,"y":669,"fill":178,"style":670},"635","index.html",[174,693,694],{"x":690,"y":674,"fill":246,"style":261},"links new CSS",[169,696,249,697,249,701,172],{"stroke":246,"fill":247,"style":248},[251,698],{"d":699,"style":700},"M291 118 L214 118","marker-end:url(#chf-d-arrow)",[251,702],{"d":703,"style":700},"M546 118 L469 118",[174,705,708],{"x":706,"y":707,"fill":246,"style":261},"252","108","refs",[174,710,708],{"x":711,"y":707,"fill":246,"style":261},"507",[162,713],{"x":223,"y":714,"width":715,"height":716,"rx":271,"fill":717,"opacity":718,"stroke":719,"style":196},"176","400","34","#ff595e","0.1","#d83b41",[174,721,724],{"x":176,"y":722,"fill":723,"style":201},"198","#b32b30","hash CSS before rewriting url() → stale font for a year",[264,726,172,727,152],{},[267,728,249,730,172],{"id":729,"viewBox":270,"refX":271,"refY":272,"markerWidth":273,"markerHeight":273,"orient":274},"chf-d-arrow",[251,731],{"d":277,"fill":246},[279,733,734],{},"Bundlers compute hashes after rewriting references; hand-rolled pipelines often get the order wrong.",[36,736,738],{"id":737},"checking-build-determinism","Checking Build Determinism",[14,740,741],{},"Hashing only saves bandwidth if an unchanged file keeps the same hash from one build to the next. Several things break that silently: a bundler embedding a build timestamp or random chunk IDs, an image encoder whose output varies between library versions, or a CSS pipeline that orders rules differently depending on file-system order. The symptom is that every deploy invalidates every asset, and returning readers re-download everything even when nothing changed.",[14,743,744],{},"Check it directly: build the same commit twice in clean directories and compare the asset file lists. They should be identical.",[316,746,750],{"className":747,"code":748,"language":749,"meta":321,"style":321},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","git worktree add \u002Ftmp\u002Fb1 HEAD && git worktree add \u002Ftmp\u002Fb2 HEAD\n(cd \u002Ftmp\u002Fb1 && npm ci && npm run build) && (cd \u002Ftmp\u002Fb2 && npm ci && npm run build)\ndiff \u003C(cd \u002Ftmp\u002Fb1\u002Fdist && find . -type f | sort) \u003C(cd \u002Ftmp\u002Fb2\u002Fdist && find . -type f | sort)\n","bash",[18,751,752,784,835],{"__ignoreMap":321},[325,753,754,757,760,763,766,769,772,774,776,778,781],{"class":327,"line":328},[325,755,756],{"class":428},"git",[325,758,759],{"class":402}," worktree",[325,761,762],{"class":402}," add",[325,764,765],{"class":402}," \u002Ftmp\u002Fb1",[325,767,768],{"class":402}," HEAD",[325,770,771],{"class":395}," && ",[325,773,756],{"class":428},[325,775,759],{"class":402},[325,777,762],{"class":402},[325,779,780],{"class":402}," \u002Ftmp\u002Fb2",[325,782,783],{"class":402}," HEAD\n",[325,785,786,788,791,793,795,798,801,803,805,808,811,814,816,818,820,822,824,826,828,830,832],{"class":327,"line":334},[325,787,432],{"class":395},[325,789,790],{"class":459},"cd",[325,792,765],{"class":402},[325,794,771],{"class":395},[325,796,797],{"class":428},"npm",[325,799,800],{"class":402}," ci",[325,802,771],{"class":395},[325,804,797],{"class":428},[325,806,807],{"class":402}," run",[325,809,810],{"class":402}," build",[325,812,813],{"class":395},") && (",[325,815,790],{"class":459},[325,817,780],{"class":402},[325,819,771],{"class":395},[325,821,797],{"class":428},[325,823,800],{"class":402},[325,825,771],{"class":395},[325,827,797],{"class":428},[325,829,807],{"class":402},[325,831,810],{"class":402},[325,833,834],{"class":395},")\n",[325,836,837,840,843,845,848,851,854,857,860,863,866,868,870,872,875,877,879,881,883,885,887],{"class":327,"line":340},[325,838,839],{"class":428},"diff",[325,841,842],{"class":402}," \u003C(",[325,844,790],{"class":459},[325,846,847],{"class":402}," \u002Ftmp\u002Fb1\u002Fdist && ",[325,849,850],{"class":428},"find",[325,852,853],{"class":402}," . ",[325,855,856],{"class":459},"-type",[325,858,859],{"class":402}," f ",[325,861,862],{"class":391},"|",[325,864,865],{"class":428}," sort",[325,867,129],{"class":402},[325,869,842],{"class":402},[325,871,790],{"class":459},[325,873,874],{"class":402}," \u002Ftmp\u002Fb2\u002Fdist && ",[325,876,850],{"class":428},[325,878,853],{"class":402},[325,880,856],{"class":459},[325,882,859],{"class":402},[325,884,862],{"class":391},[325,886,865],{"class":428},[325,888,834],{"class":402},[14,890,891,892,895],{},"On the Eleventy site that motivated this check, two builds differed in 38 filenames because a JavaScript bundle embedded ",[18,893,894],{},"Date.now()"," as a cache-buster and an image plugin wrote EXIF timestamps; removing both made builds deterministic and cut the bytes returning readers downloaded after a typical deploy by 94%. Run the check in CI weekly, or whenever the build toolchain changes.",[36,897,899],{"id":898},"keeping-old-assets-available","Keeping Old Assets Available",[14,901,902,903,907,908,911],{},"After a deploy, pages cached in browsers (bfcache, open tabs) and at the edge still reference the previous hashes for a while. Atomic hosts — Cloudflare Pages, Netlify, Vercel — keep previous deploys' assets addressable, so this just works. On S3 or a VM, deletions must lag: upload new assets, then HTML, and delete assets older than N deploys only after a delay, as in ",[30,904,906],{"href":905},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fdeploying-a-static-site-to-s3-and-cloudfront\u002F","Deploying a Static Site to S3 and CloudFront",". Deleting immediately produced a burst of 404s for ",[18,909,910],{},".js"," chunks on a VitePress site with client-side navigation, because open tabs requested chunks from the old build.",[36,913,915],{"id":914},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[14,917,918,919,922,923,925],{},"A 900-page Astro documentation site, before (all assets ",[18,920,921],{},"max-age=3600",") and after (hashed assets ",[18,924,24],{},", one year). Measured with WebPageTest repeat views and RUM over two weeks.",[70,927,928,941],{},[73,929,930],{},[76,931,932,935,938],{},[79,933,934],{},"Measure",[79,936,937],{},"1-hour cache on everything",[79,939,940],{},"Hashed + immutable",[88,942,943,954,965,976,987],{},[76,944,945,948,951],{},[93,946,947],{},"Requests on a repeat view, next day",[93,949,950],{},"14 (11 revalidations)",[93,952,953],{},"3 (HTML + 2 new assets)",[76,955,956,959,962],{},[93,957,958],{},"Bytes on repeat view after an unrelated deploy",[93,960,961],{},"186 KB",[93,963,964],{},"9 KB",[76,966,967,970,973],{},[93,968,969],{},"Repeat-view LCP (WebPageTest, 4G)",[93,971,972],{},"1.1 s",[93,974,975],{},"0.6 s",[76,977,978,981,984],{},[93,979,980],{},"CDN requests reaching origin (share)",[93,982,983],{},"18%",[93,985,986],{},"4%",[76,988,989,992,994],{},[93,990,991],{},"Asset 404s in the hour after deploys",[93,993,164],{},[93,995,996],{},"0 (atomic host)",[141,998,999,1081],{},[144,1000,152,1005,152,1008,152,1011,152,1014],{"viewBox":1001,"role":147,"ariaLabelledBy":1002,"xmlns":151},"0 0 760 270",[1003,1004],"chf-rv-title","chf-rv-desc",[154,1006,1007],{"id":1003},"Repeat-view requests and bytes, one day later",[158,1009,1010],{"id":1004},"Paired bars. With a one-hour cache, a repeat view the next day made 14 requests, 11 of them revalidations, and transferred 186 kilobytes after an unrelated deploy. With hashed immutable assets, it made 3 requests and transferred 9 kilobytes. Repeat-view LCP fell from 1.1 to 0.6 seconds.",[162,1012],{"x":164,"y":164,"width":165,"height":1013,"fill":167},"270",[169,1015,172,1016,172,1019,172,1022,172,1029,172,1034,172,1038,172,1043,172,1047,172,1050,172,1053,172,1057,172,1060,172,1064,172,1067,172,1069,172,1073,172,1077,152],{"style":171},[174,1017,1018],{"x":176,"y":177,"fill":178,"style":179},"A returning reader, the day after a deploy",[174,1020,1021],{"x":183,"y":184,"fill":178,"style":185},"Requests",[162,1023],{"x":216,"y":1024,"width":1025,"height":1026,"rx":1027,"fill":717,"opacity":1028,"stroke":719,"style":196},"64","420","18","3","0.28",[174,1030,1033],{"x":1031,"y":1032,"fill":178},"588","78","14",[162,1035],{"x":216,"y":1036,"width":662,"height":1026,"rx":1027,"fill":206,"opacity":1037,"stroke":208,"style":196},"86","0.4",[174,1039,1027],{"x":1040,"y":1041,"fill":1042,"style":185},"258","100","#3f6410",[174,1044,1046],{"x":183,"y":1045,"fill":178,"style":185},"140","Bytes",[162,1048],{"x":216,"y":1049,"width":1025,"height":1026,"rx":1027,"fill":717,"opacity":1028,"stroke":719,"style":196},"124",[174,1051,961],{"x":1031,"y":1052,"fill":178},"138",[162,1054],{"x":216,"y":1055,"width":1056,"height":1026,"rx":1027,"fill":206,"opacity":1037,"stroke":208,"style":196},"146","20",[174,1058,964],{"x":1059,"y":216,"fill":1042,"style":185},"188",[174,1061,1063],{"x":183,"y":1062,"fill":178,"style":185},"200","LCP",[162,1065],{"x":216,"y":1066,"width":1025,"height":1026,"rx":1027,"fill":717,"opacity":1028,"stroke":719,"style":196},"184",[174,1068,972],{"x":1031,"y":722,"fill":178},[162,1070],{"x":216,"y":1071,"width":1072,"height":1026,"rx":1027,"fill":206,"opacity":1037,"stroke":208,"style":196},"206","229",[174,1074,975],{"x":1075,"y":1076,"fill":1042,"style":185},"397","220",[174,1078,1080],{"x":176,"y":1079,"fill":246,"style":261},"256","WebPageTest repeat view, fast 4G; red = 1-hour cache, green = hashed + immutable",[279,1082,1083],{},"Revalidations are cheap individually but add up to round trips; immutable assets skip them entirely.",[36,1085,1087],{"id":1086},"pitfalls-rollback","Pitfalls & Rollback",[41,1089,1090,1106,1112,1118,1124,1130,1136],{},[44,1091,1092,1095,1096,1098,1099,54,1102,1105],{},[289,1093,1094],{},"Immutable on unhashed files."," A year-long ",[18,1097,24],{}," header on ",[18,1100,1101],{},"\u002Flogo.svg",[18,1103,1104],{},"\u002Fpagefind\u002Fpagefind.js"," means readers keep the old file for a year. Only hashed filenames get the long tier.",[44,1107,1108,1111],{},[289,1109,1110],{},"Hashing HTML."," Page URLs must stay stable; HTML gets the revalidating tier.",[44,1113,1114,1117],{},[289,1115,1116],{},"Hashes that change without content changes."," Non-deterministic builds (timestamps embedded in bundles) change every hash every deploy and waste the cache. Check that two builds of the same commit produce identical asset names.",[44,1119,1120,1123],{},[289,1121,1122],{},"Deleting old assets immediately."," Keep previous builds' files for at least a day on non-atomic hosts.",[44,1125,1126,1129],{},[289,1127,1128],{},"Service workers caching HTML forever."," A service worker that serves cached HTML without checking the network defeats the revalidating tier; readers see old pages pointing at old hashes. Use network-first for navigations.",[44,1131,1132,1135],{},[289,1133,1134],{},"Hash length too short."," Four-character hashes collide on large sites; eight or more hex characters is the common, safe default.",[44,1137,1138,1141],{},[289,1139,1140],{},"Rollback:"," revert the header rule; hashed filenames remain harmless with any cache policy.",[36,1143,1145],{"id":1144},"conclusion","Conclusion",[14,1147,1148,1149,1151],{},"Content-hashed filenames are what make aggressive caching safe: the HTML is revalidated on every visit and names the current assets, and every asset it names can be cached for a year without revalidation. Let the bundler or generator fingerprint everything referenced from HTML, CSS and JavaScript, apply ",[18,1150,24],{}," only to hashed paths, and keep old assets available briefly after deploys. On a 900-page docs site that cut repeat-view requests from 14 to 3 and repeat-view LCP from 1.1 to 0.6 seconds.",[36,1153,1155],{"id":1154},"faq","FAQ",[1157,1158,1160],"h3",{"id":1159},"what-is-a-content-hashed-filename","What is a content-hashed filename?",[14,1162,1163],{},"A filename that includes a short hash of the file's contents, such as app.3f9a2c1e.js. When the contents change, the hash and therefore the URL change, so browsers and CDNs can cache the old URL forever and fetch the new one immediately.",[1157,1165,1167],{"id":1166},"why-not-use-query-strings-like-appjsv2","Why not use query strings like app.js?v=2?",[14,1169,1170],{},"Some caches ignore or strip query strings, version numbers must be bumped by hand, and a version bump invalidates files that did not change. A content hash changes only when the bytes change.",[1157,1172,1174],{"id":1173},"which-files-should-not-be-hashed","Which files should not be hashed?",[14,1176,1177],{},"HTML pages, whose URLs are public and must stay stable, plus files with fixed names that other systems request, such as robots.txt, sitemap.xml, favicon.ico, service worker scripts and search index entry files. Give those short cache lifetimes instead.",[1157,1179,1181],{"id":1180},"what-happens-to-old-hashed-files-after-a-deploy","What happens to old hashed files after a deploy?",[14,1183,1184],{},"Keep them available for a while. Pages cached in browsers or at the edge may still reference them. Atomic hosts keep previous deploys' files; on object storage, delete old assets only after a delay.",[36,1186,1188],{"id":1187},"related","Related",[41,1190,1191,1200,1207,1214,1221],{},[44,1192,1193,1196,1197,1199],{},[289,1194,1195],{},"Parent:"," ",[30,1198,33],{"href":32}," — the full caching policy.",[44,1201,1202,1206],{},[30,1203,1205],{"href":1204},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fstale-while-revalidate-for-static-html\u002F","Stale-While-Revalidate for Static HTML"," — the other tier.",[44,1208,1209,1213],{},[30,1210,1212],{"href":1211},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fpurging-the-cdn-cache-after-a-static-deploy\u002F","Purging the CDN Cache After a Static Deploy"," — why hashed assets rarely need purging.",[44,1215,1216,1220],{},[30,1217,1219],{"href":1218},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Frollbacks-and-deploy-safety-for-static-sites\u002Fatomic-deploys-vs-incremental-uploads\u002F","Atomic Deploys vs Incremental Uploads"," — keeping old assets reachable.",[44,1222,1223,1227],{},[30,1224,1226],{"href":1225},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fmonitoring-static-sites-in-production\u002Falerting-on-cache-hit-ratio-drops\u002F","Alerting on Cache Hit Ratio Drops"," — noticing when hashing breaks.",[1229,1230,1231],"style",{},"html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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SSGs","\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002F",{"name":33,"item":32},{"name":5,"item":1258},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-busting-with-content-hashed-filenames\u002F","2026-09-18","Fingerprint every static asset so it can be cached for a year yet update instantly on deploy: bundler hashing, images, fonts and the HTML pointing to them.","md",[1263,1264,1265,1266],{"q":1160,"a":1163},{"q":1167,"a":1170},{"q":1174,"a":1177},{"q":1181,"a":1184},{},true,"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-busting-with-content-hashed-filenames",{"title":5,"description":1260},"performance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-busting-with-content-hashed-filenames\u002Findex","article","Phm_auT4CSvi0hb7-PwrO-qIsUhGUe0lXsyQS5lG0EM",[1275,1278,1281,1284,1287,1290,1293,1296,1299,1302,1305,1308,1311,1314,1317,1320,1323,1326,1329,1332,1335,1338,1341,1344,1347,1350,1353,1356,1359,1362,1365,1368,1371,1374,1377,1380,1383,1386,1389,1392,1395,1398,1401,1404,1407,1410,1413,1416,1419,1422,1425,1428,1431,1434,1437,1438,1440,1442,1445,1448,1450,1453,1456,1459,1462,1465,1468,1471,1474,1477,1480,1483,1486,1489,1492,1495,1498,1501,1504,1507,1510,1513,1516,1519,1522,1525,1528,1531,1534,1537,1540,1543,1546,1549,1552,1555,1558,1561,1564,1567,1570,1573,1576,1579,1582,1585,1588,1591,1594,1597,1600,1603,1606,1609,1612,1615,1618,1621,1624,1627,1630,1633,1636,1639,1642,1645,1648,1651,1654,1657,1660,1663,1666,1669,1672,1675,1678,1681,1684,1687,1689,1692,1695,1698,1701,1704,1707,1710,1713,1716,1719,1722,1725,1728,1731,1734,1737,1740,1742,1745,1748,1751,1754,1757,1760,1763,1766,1769,1772,1775,1778,1781,1784,1786,1789,1792,1795,1798,1801,1804,1807,1810,1813],{"path":1276,"title":1277},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fastro-vs-eleventy-for-documentation-sites\u002Fastro-vs-eleventy-build-times-at-10000-pages","Astro 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