[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2652},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-when-the-hero-is-a-background-image":3,"all-docs-nav":1505,"filed:\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-when-the-hero-is-a-background-image":2646},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1480,"dateModified":1490,"datePublished":1490,"description":1491,"extension":1492,"faq":1493,"meta":1498,"navigation":1499,"path":1500,"seo":1501,"slug":12,"stem":1502,"type":1503,"__hash__":1504},"content\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-when-the-hero-is-a-background-image\u002Findex.md","Fixing LCP When the Hero Is a Background Image",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1462},"minimark",[9,13,30,43,48,69,73,76,144,151,276,280,293,481,639,663,670,674,688,751,758,817,834,963,967,973,1083,1093,1097,1111,1127,1137,1141,1144,1230,1321,1325,1364,1368,1383,1387,1392,1395,1399,1402,1406,1409,1413,1416,1420,1459],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"fixing-lcp-when-the-hero-is-a-background-image",[14,15,16,17,21,22,25,26,29],"p",{},"Many static site themes build the hero section with a CSS background image: a full-width ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"section"," with ",[18,23,24],{},"background-image: url(hero.jpg)",", ",[18,27,28],{},"background-size: cover"," and a heading on top. It is a convenient way to put text over a photo, and it quietly costs hundreds of milliseconds of LCP. The browser's preload scanner, which finds images in the HTML while the page is still downloading, cannot see images referenced in CSS. The request starts only after the stylesheet has downloaded, been parsed and matched to the element — and even then, CSS gives the browser no way to pick a size or raise the image's priority.",[14,31,32,33,36,37,42],{},"This guide measures the cost on a marketing site built with an Eleventy theme whose landing pages use background heroes, then fixes it two ways — replacing the background with an ",[18,34,35],{},"\u003Cimg>"," and, where the markup cannot change, preloading the image — and compares the results. It is part of ",[38,39,41],"a",{"href":40},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002F","Largest Contentful Paint Optimization for Static Sites",".",[44,45,47],"h2",{"id":46},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[49,50,51,63,66],"ul",{},[52,53,54,55,58,59,62],"li",{},"A page whose LCP element is a background image (check with the Performance panel's LCP marker or the ",[18,56,57],{},"web-vitals"," attribution ",[18,60,61],{},"element"," field).",[52,64,65],{},"Access to the template that renders the hero and to the image pipeline.",[52,67,68],{},"Lighthouse and field LCP data to compare before and after.",[44,70,72],{"id":71},"step-1-see-the-delay","Step 1: See the Delay",[14,74,75],{},"The waterfall for a landing page on a throttled mobile profile showed the problem clearly:",[77,78,79,92],"table",{},[80,81,82],"thead",{},[83,84,85,89],"tr",{},[86,87,88],"th",{},"Event",[86,90,91],{},"Time",[93,94,95,104,112,120,128,136],"tbody",{},[83,96,97,101],{},[98,99,100],"td",{},"HTML first byte",[98,102,103],{},"180 ms",[83,105,106,109],{},[98,107,108],{},"Stylesheet request starts",[98,110,111],{},"230 ms",[83,113,114,117],{},[98,115,116],{},"Stylesheet finished",[98,118,119],{},"610 ms",[83,121,122,125],{},[98,123,124],{},"Hero image request starts",[98,126,127],{},"690 ms",[83,129,130,133],{},[98,131,132],{},"Hero image finished (1920 px JPEG, 312 KB)",[98,134,135],{},"1,820 ms",[83,137,138,141],{},[98,139,140],{},"LCP",[98,142,143],{},"1,900 ms (lab), 2.8 s field p75",[14,145,146,147,150],{},"The hero request waited 460 ms after the HTML started arriving — for the CSS — and then downloaded a 1920-pixel JPEG on a 390-pixel phone, because CSS backgrounds have no ",[18,148,149],{},"srcset",". In field data the LCP element for this template was the hero section in 94% of mobile page views.",[152,153,154,272],"figure",{},[155,156,163,164,163,168,163,172,163,179,163,257],"svg",{"viewBox":157,"role":158,"ariaLabelledBy":159,"xmlns":162},"0 0 760 166","img",[160,161],"bgh-before-title","bgh-before-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[165,166,167],"title",{"id":160},"Waterfall timeline for a CSS background hero on mobile",[169,170,171],"desc",{"id":161},"A timeline of one throttled mobile load. The HTML first byte arrives at 180 milliseconds. The stylesheet request starts at 230 milliseconds and finishes at 610 milliseconds. Only then, at 690 milliseconds, does the hero image request start, and the 312 kilobyte JPEG finishes at 1,820 milliseconds. LCP is at 1,900 milliseconds.",[173,174],"rect",{"x":175,"y":175,"width":176,"height":177,"fill":178},"0","760","166","#ffffff",[180,181,183,184,183,191,183,199,183,204,183,209,183,212,183,220,183,224,183,227,183,230,183,232,183,237,183,240,183,245,183,248,183,251,183,254,163],"g",{"style":182},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px","\n    ",[185,186],"path",{"d":187,"fill":188,"stroke":189,"style":190},"M30.0 99.6 L734.0 99.6","none","#556071","stroke-width:2px;marker-end:url(#bgh-before-arrow)",[192,193],"circle",{"cx":194,"cy":195,"r":196,"fill":197,"stroke":197,"style":198},"60.0","99.6","7","#1982c4","stroke-width:1.5px",[192,200],{"cx":201,"cy":195,"r":196,"fill":202,"stroke":203,"style":198},"273.3","#ffca3a","#a97b00",[192,205],{"cx":206,"cy":195,"r":196,"fill":207,"stroke":208,"style":198},"486.7","#ff595e","#d83b41",[192,210],{"cx":211,"cy":195,"r":196,"fill":207,"stroke":208,"style":198},"700.0",[213,214,219],"text",{"x":215,"y":216,"fill":217,"style":218},"380.0","30.0","#1f2937","font-size:16px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","Why the background hero loads late",[213,221,100],{"x":194,"y":222,"fill":217,"style":223},"83.6","font-size:12px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700",[213,225,226],{"x":201,"y":222,"fill":217,"style":223},"CSS loaded",[213,228,229],{"x":206,"y":222,"fill":217,"style":223},"Image request starts",[213,231,140],{"x":211,"y":222,"fill":217,"style":223},[213,233,103],{"x":194,"y":234,"fill":235,"style":236},"125.6","#166a9e","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700",[213,238,119],{"x":201,"y":234,"fill":239,"style":236},"#8a6d0f",[213,241,244],{"x":201,"y":242,"fill":189,"style":243},"143.6","font-size:11px;text-anchor:middle","rule matched to hero",[213,246,127],{"x":206,"y":234,"fill":247,"style":236},"#b32b30",[213,249,250],{"x":206,"y":242,"fill":189,"style":243},"1920 px JPEG",[213,252,253],{"x":211,"y":234,"fill":247,"style":236},"1,900 ms",[213,255,256],{"x":211,"y":242,"fill":189,"style":243},"after 312 KB download",[258,259,183,260,163],"defs",{},[261,262,268,269,183],"marker",{"id":263,"viewBox":264,"refX":265,"refY":266,"markerWidth":196,"markerHeight":196,"orient":267},"bgh-before-arrow","0 0 10 10","8","5","auto-start-reverse","\n      ",[185,270],{"d":271,"fill":189},"M0 0 L10 5 L0 10 z",[273,274,275],"figcaption",{},"The image request waits for the stylesheet because the preload scanner cannot see url() references in CSS.",[44,277,279],{"id":278},"fix-1-replace-the-background-with-an-img","Fix 1: Replace the Background With an img",[14,281,282,283,285,286,289,290,292],{},"The most effective fix is to make the image part of the HTML. An ",[18,284,35],{}," absolutely positioned behind the hero content, with ",[18,287,288],{},"object-fit: cover",", looks identical to ",[18,291,28],{},":",[294,295,300],"pre",{"className":296,"code":297,"language":298,"meta":299,"style":299},"language-html shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","\u003Csection class=\"hero\">\n  \u003Cimg class=\"hero-bg\" src=\"\u002Fimg\u002Fhero-1280.avif\"\n       srcset=\"\u002Fimg\u002Fhero-640.avif 640w, \u002Fimg\u002Fhero-960.avif 960w, \u002Fimg\u002Fhero-1280.avif 1280w, \u002Fimg\u002Fhero-1920.avif 1920w\"\n       sizes=\"100vw\" width=\"1920\" height=\"900\" alt=\"\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\">\n  \u003Cdiv class=\"hero-content\">\n    \u003Ch1>Ship documentation your users can find\u003C\u002Fh1>\n    \u003Cp>…\u003C\u002Fp>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fsection>\n","html","",[18,301,302,328,351,362,415,432,447,461,471],{"__ignoreMap":299},[303,304,307,311,314,318,321,325],"span",{"class":305,"line":306},"line",1,[303,308,310],{"class":309},"sVt8B","\u003C",[303,312,20],{"class":313},"s9eBZ",[303,315,317],{"class":316},"sScJk"," class",[303,319,320],{"class":309},"=",[303,322,324],{"class":323},"sZZnC","\"hero\"",[303,326,327],{"class":309},">\n",[303,329,331,334,336,338,340,343,346,348],{"class":305,"line":330},2,[303,332,333],{"class":309},"  \u003C",[303,335,158],{"class":313},[303,337,317],{"class":316},[303,339,320],{"class":309},[303,341,342],{"class":323},"\"hero-bg\"",[303,344,345],{"class":316}," src",[303,347,320],{"class":309},[303,349,350],{"class":323},"\"\u002Fimg\u002Fhero-1280.avif\"\n",[303,352,354,357,359],{"class":305,"line":353},3,[303,355,356],{"class":316},"       srcset",[303,358,320],{"class":309},[303,360,361],{"class":323},"\"\u002Fimg\u002Fhero-640.avif 640w, \u002Fimg\u002Fhero-960.avif 960w, \u002Fimg\u002Fhero-1280.avif 1280w, \u002Fimg\u002Fhero-1920.avif 1920w\"\n",[303,363,365,368,370,373,376,378,381,384,386,389,392,394,397,400,402,405,408,410,413],{"class":305,"line":364},4,[303,366,367],{"class":316},"       sizes",[303,369,320],{"class":309},[303,371,372],{"class":323},"\"100vw\"",[303,374,375],{"class":316}," width",[303,377,320],{"class":309},[303,379,380],{"class":323},"\"1920\"",[303,382,383],{"class":316}," height",[303,385,320],{"class":309},[303,387,388],{"class":323},"\"900\"",[303,390,391],{"class":316}," alt",[303,393,320],{"class":309},[303,395,396],{"class":323},"\"\"",[303,398,399],{"class":316}," fetchpriority",[303,401,320],{"class":309},[303,403,404],{"class":323},"\"high\"",[303,406,407],{"class":316}," decoding",[303,409,320],{"class":309},[303,411,412],{"class":323},"\"async\"",[303,414,327],{"class":309},[303,416,418,420,423,425,427,430],{"class":305,"line":417},5,[303,419,333],{"class":309},[303,421,422],{"class":313},"div",[303,424,317],{"class":316},[303,426,320],{"class":309},[303,428,429],{"class":323},"\"hero-content\"",[303,431,327],{"class":309},[303,433,435,438,440,443,445],{"class":305,"line":434},6,[303,436,437],{"class":309},"    \u003C",[303,439,10],{"class":313},[303,441,442],{"class":309},">Ship documentation your users can find\u003C\u002F",[303,444,10],{"class":313},[303,446,327],{"class":309},[303,448,450,452,454,457,459],{"class":305,"line":449},7,[303,451,437],{"class":309},[303,453,14],{"class":313},[303,455,456],{"class":309},">…\u003C\u002F",[303,458,14],{"class":313},[303,460,327],{"class":309},[303,462,464,467,469],{"class":305,"line":463},8,[303,465,466],{"class":309},"  \u003C\u002F",[303,468,422],{"class":313},[303,470,327],{"class":309},[303,472,474,477,479],{"class":305,"line":473},9,[303,475,476],{"class":309},"\u003C\u002F",[303,478,20],{"class":313},[303,480,327],{"class":309},[294,482,486],{"className":483,"code":484,"language":485,"meta":299,"style":299},"language-css shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark",".hero { position: relative; isolation: isolate; min-height: 60vh; display: grid; align-items: end; }\n.hero-bg { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: 60% 40%; z-index: -1; }\n","css",[18,487,488,554],{"__ignoreMap":299},[303,489,490,493,496,500,503,506,509,512,514,517,519,522,524,527,531,533,536,538,541,543,546,548,551],{"class":305,"line":306},[303,491,492],{"class":316},".hero",[303,494,495],{"class":309}," { ",[303,497,499],{"class":498},"sj4cs","position",[303,501,502],{"class":309},": ",[303,504,505],{"class":498},"relative",[303,507,508],{"class":309},"; ",[303,510,511],{"class":498},"isolation",[303,513,502],{"class":309},[303,515,516],{"class":498},"isolate",[303,518,508],{"class":309},[303,520,521],{"class":498},"min-height",[303,523,502],{"class":309},[303,525,526],{"class":498},"60",[303,528,530],{"class":529},"szBVR","vh",[303,532,508],{"class":309},[303,534,535],{"class":498},"display",[303,537,502],{"class":309},[303,539,540],{"class":498},"grid",[303,542,508],{"class":309},[303,544,545],{"class":498},"align-items",[303,547,502],{"class":309},[303,549,550],{"class":498},"end",[303,552,553],{"class":309},"; }\n",[303,555,556,559,561,563,565,568,570,573,575,577,579,582,584,587,590,592,595,597,599,601,603,606,608,611,613,616,618,620,622,625,627,629,632,634,637],{"class":305,"line":330},[303,557,558],{"class":316},".hero-bg",[303,560,495],{"class":309},[303,562,499],{"class":498},[303,564,502],{"class":309},[303,566,567],{"class":498},"absolute",[303,569,508],{"class":309},[303,571,572],{"class":498},"inset",[303,574,502],{"class":309},[303,576,175],{"class":498},[303,578,508],{"class":309},[303,580,581],{"class":498},"width",[303,583,502],{"class":309},[303,585,586],{"class":498},"100",[303,588,589],{"class":529},"%",[303,591,508],{"class":309},[303,593,594],{"class":498},"height",[303,596,502],{"class":309},[303,598,586],{"class":498},[303,600,589],{"class":529},[303,602,508],{"class":309},[303,604,605],{"class":498},"object-fit",[303,607,502],{"class":309},[303,609,610],{"class":498},"cover",[303,612,508],{"class":309},[303,614,615],{"class":498},"object-position",[303,617,502],{"class":309},[303,619,526],{"class":498},[303,621,589],{"class":529},[303,623,624],{"class":498}," 40",[303,626,589],{"class":529},[303,628,508],{"class":309},[303,630,631],{"class":498},"z-index",[303,633,502],{"class":309},[303,635,636],{"class":498},"-1",[303,638,553],{"class":309},[14,640,641,642,644,645,648,649,652,653,656,657,659,660,42],{},"Now the preload scanner finds the image as soon as the HTML arrives, ",[18,643,149],{}," and ",[18,646,647],{},"sizes"," let a phone download the 640-pixel AVIF (41 KB) instead of the 1920-pixel JPEG (312 KB), and ",[18,650,651],{},"fetchpriority=\"high\""," puts it ahead of other images. ",[18,654,655],{},"alt=\"\""," marks it decorative, which matches how the background was treated; if the image carries meaning, give it real alt text. ",[18,658,615],{}," replaces ",[18,661,662],{},"background-position",[14,664,665,666,669],{},"The Eleventy theme rendered the hero from frontmatter (",[18,667,668],{},"hero: \u002Fimg\u002Fteam.jpg","); changing the hero partial to use the image shortcode was a one-file change that fixed every landing page.",[44,671,673],{"id":672},"fix-2-preload-when-markup-cannot-change","Fix 2: Preload When Markup Cannot Change",[14,675,676,677,679,680,683,684,687],{},"Some heroes cannot become an ",[18,678,35],{}," — a theme you do not control, a CMS that injects inline ",[18,681,682],{},"style=\"background-image:…\"",", or a layered effect built on multiple backgrounds. Then preload the image in the ",[18,685,686],{},"\u003Chead>"," so the request starts with the HTML:",[294,689,691],{"className":296,"code":690,"language":298,"meta":299,"style":299},"\u003Clink rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" fetchpriority=\"high\"\n      imagesrcset=\"\u002Fimg\u002Fhero-640.avif 640w, \u002Fimg\u002Fhero-960.avif 960w, \u002Fimg\u002Fhero-1280.avif 1280w, \u002Fimg\u002Fhero-1920.avif 1920w\"\n      imagesizes=\"100vw\" type=\"image\u002Favif\">\n",[18,692,693,723,732],{"__ignoreMap":299},[303,694,695,697,700,703,705,708,711,713,716,718,720],{"class":305,"line":306},[303,696,310],{"class":309},[303,698,699],{"class":313},"link",[303,701,702],{"class":316}," rel",[303,704,320],{"class":309},[303,706,707],{"class":323},"\"preload\"",[303,709,710],{"class":316}," as",[303,712,320],{"class":309},[303,714,715],{"class":323},"\"image\"",[303,717,399],{"class":316},[303,719,320],{"class":309},[303,721,722],{"class":323},"\"high\"\n",[303,724,725,728,730],{"class":305,"line":330},[303,726,727],{"class":316},"      imagesrcset",[303,729,320],{"class":309},[303,731,361],{"class":323},[303,733,734,737,739,741,744,746,749],{"class":305,"line":353},[303,735,736],{"class":316},"      imagesizes",[303,738,320],{"class":309},[303,740,372],{"class":323},[303,742,743],{"class":316}," type",[303,745,320],{"class":309},[303,747,748],{"class":323},"\"image\u002Favif\"",[303,750,327],{"class":309},[14,752,753,754,757],{},"and use ",[18,755,756],{},"image-set()"," in the CSS so the background can at least pick a format and resolution:",[294,759,761],{"className":483,"code":760,"language":485,"meta":299,"style":299},".hero { background-image: image-set(url('\u002Fimg\u002Fhero-1280.avif') type('image\u002Favif'), url('\u002Fimg\u002Fhero-1280.jpg') type('image\u002Fjpeg')); }\n",[18,762,763],{"__ignoreMap":299},[303,764,765,767,769,772,774,777,780,783,785,788,791,795,798,801,803,805,808,811,814],{"class":305,"line":306},[303,766,492],{"class":316},[303,768,495],{"class":309},[303,770,771],{"class":498},"background-image",[303,773,502],{"class":309},[303,775,776],{"class":498},"image-set",[303,778,779],{"class":309},"(",[303,781,782],{"class":498},"url",[303,784,779],{"class":309},[303,786,787],{"class":323},"'\u002Fimg\u002Fhero-1280.avif'",[303,789,790],{"class":309},") ",[303,792,794],{"class":793},"s4XuR","type(",[303,796,797],{"class":323},"'image\u002Favif'",[303,799,800],{"class":309},"), ",[303,802,782],{"class":498},[303,804,779],{"class":309},[303,806,807],{"class":323},"'\u002Fimg\u002Fhero-1280.jpg'",[303,809,810],{"class":309},") type(",[303,812,813],{"class":323},"'image\u002Fjpeg'",[303,815,816],{"class":309},")); }\n",[14,818,819,820,644,823,826,827,830,831,833],{},"A caveat: the preload chooses a width from ",[18,821,822],{},"imagesrcset",[18,824,825],{},"imagesizes",", while the CSS picks its own URL. Unless the CSS references the same file the preload selected, the browser downloads two images. On this site the CSS used a single 1280-pixel AVIF, so the preload was narrowed to that one file (",[18,828,829],{},"href"," instead of ",[18,832,822],{},"), accepting a larger-than-necessary file on phones in exchange for no double download. That is why Fix 1 is better.",[152,835,836,960],{},[155,837,163,842,163,845,163,848,163,851],{"viewBox":838,"role":158,"ariaLabelledBy":839,"xmlns":162},"0 0 760 203",[840,841],"bgh-opts-title","bgh-opts-desc",[165,843,844],{"id":840},"Comparison of background, preloaded background and img hero",[169,846,847],{"id":841},"A matrix comparing three approaches. The plain CSS background is discovered after CSS, cannot choose a size and cannot raise priority. A preloaded background is discovered with the HTML and can raise priority but has limited size selection and a risk of double download. An img with srcset and fetchpriority is discovered with the HTML, chooses the right size, raises priority and has no double-download risk.",[173,849],{"x":175,"y":175,"width":176,"height":850,"fill":178},"203",[180,852,183,853,183,856,183,864,183,867,183,870,183,874,183,880,183,883,183,885,183,888,183,891,183,893,183,895,183,898,183,901,183,906,183,910,183,914,183,918,183,922,183,927,183,930,183,933,183,937,183,941,183,944,183,947,183,951,183,954,183,957,163],{"style":182},[185,854],{"d":855,"fill":188,"stroke":189,"style":198},"M20.0 86.0 L740.0 86.0",[173,857],{"x":858,"y":859,"width":860,"height":861,"rx":266,"fill":207,"opacity":862,"stroke":208,"style":863},"214.0","90.0","168.7","25.6","0.12","stroke-width:1px",[173,865],{"x":866,"y":859,"width":860,"height":861,"rx":266,"fill":207,"opacity":862,"stroke":208,"style":863},"390.7",[173,868],{"x":869,"y":859,"width":860,"height":861,"rx":266,"fill":207,"opacity":862,"stroke":208,"style":863},"567.3",[185,871],{"d":872,"fill":188,"stroke":873,"style":863},"M20.0 119.6 L740.0 119.6","#d9e2ef",[173,875],{"x":858,"y":876,"width":860,"height":861,"rx":266,"fill":877,"opacity":878,"stroke":879,"style":863},"123.6","#8ac926","0.2","#5a8a16",[173,881],{"x":866,"y":876,"width":860,"height":861,"rx":266,"fill":202,"opacity":882,"stroke":203,"style":863},"0.24",[173,884],{"x":869,"y":876,"width":860,"height":861,"rx":266,"fill":877,"opacity":878,"stroke":879,"style":863},[185,886],{"d":887,"fill":188,"stroke":873,"style":863},"M20.0 153.2 L740.0 153.2",[173,889],{"x":858,"y":890,"width":860,"height":861,"rx":266,"fill":877,"opacity":878,"stroke":879,"style":863},"157.2",[173,892],{"x":866,"y":890,"width":860,"height":861,"rx":266,"fill":877,"opacity":878,"stroke":879,"style":863},[173,894],{"x":869,"y":890,"width":860,"height":861,"rx":266,"fill":877,"opacity":878,"stroke":879,"style":863},[185,896],{"d":897,"fill":188,"stroke":873,"style":863},"M20.0 186.8 L740.0 186.8",[213,899,900],{"x":215,"y":216,"fill":217,"style":218},"Three ways to ship the hero",[213,902,905],{"x":216,"y":903,"fill":217,"style":904},"75.2","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700","Approach",[213,907,909],{"x":908,"y":903,"fill":217,"style":223},"298.3","Discovery",[213,911,913],{"x":912,"y":903,"fill":217,"style":223},"475.0","Right size",[213,915,917],{"x":916,"y":903,"fill":217,"style":223},"651.7","Priority",[213,919,921],{"x":216,"y":920,"fill":217,"style":904},"106.4","CSS background",[213,923,926],{"x":908,"y":924,"fill":217,"style":925},"106.2","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:middle","after CSS",[213,928,929],{"x":912,"y":924,"fill":217,"style":925},"one URL",[213,931,932],{"x":916,"y":924,"fill":217,"style":925},"default",[213,934,936],{"x":216,"y":935,"fill":217,"style":904},"140.0","Preload + background",[213,938,940],{"x":908,"y":939,"fill":217,"style":925},"139.8","with HTML",[213,942,943],{"x":912,"y":939,"fill":217,"style":925},"one URL safely",[213,945,946],{"x":916,"y":939,"fill":217,"style":925},"high",[213,948,950],{"x":216,"y":949,"fill":217,"style":904},"173.6","img + object-fit",[213,952,940],{"x":908,"y":953,"fill":217,"style":925},"173.4",[213,955,956],{"x":912,"y":953,"fill":217,"style":925},"srcset + sizes",[213,958,959],{"x":916,"y":953,"fill":217,"style":925},"fetchpriority",[273,961,962],{},"The img approach wins on every column; preloading is the fallback when markup is fixed.",[44,964,966],{"id":965},"step-2-check-overlays-and-text-contrast","Step 2: Check Overlays and Text Contrast",[14,968,969,970,972],{},"Background heroes often rely on a gradient overlay for text contrast, written as a second background layer. With an ",[18,971,35],{},", put the overlay on a pseudo-element of the section instead:",[294,974,976],{"className":483,"code":975,"language":485,"meta":299,"style":299},".hero::before { content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1;\n  background: linear-gradient(to top, rgb(0 0 0 \u002F .65), rgb(0 0 0 \u002F 0) 60%); }\n",[18,977,978,1020],{"__ignoreMap":299},[303,979,980,983,985,988,990,993,995,997,999,1001,1003,1005,1007,1009,1011,1013,1015,1017],{"class":305,"line":306},[303,981,982],{"class":316},".hero::before",[303,984,495],{"class":309},[303,986,987],{"class":498},"content",[303,989,502],{"class":309},[303,991,992],{"class":323},"''",[303,994,508],{"class":309},[303,996,499],{"class":498},[303,998,502],{"class":309},[303,1000,567],{"class":498},[303,1002,508],{"class":309},[303,1004,572],{"class":498},[303,1006,502],{"class":309},[303,1008,175],{"class":498},[303,1010,508],{"class":309},[303,1012,631],{"class":498},[303,1014,502],{"class":309},[303,1016,636],{"class":498},[303,1018,1019],{"class":309},";\n",[303,1021,1022,1025,1027,1030,1032,1035,1038,1040,1043,1045,1047,1050,1052,1055,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080],{"class":305,"line":330},[303,1023,1024],{"class":498},"  background",[303,1026,502],{"class":309},[303,1028,1029],{"class":498},"linear-gradient",[303,1031,779],{"class":309},[303,1033,1034],{"class":529},"to",[303,1036,1037],{"class":498}," top",[303,1039,25],{"class":309},[303,1041,1042],{"class":498},"rgb",[303,1044,779],{"class":309},[303,1046,175],{"class":498},[303,1048,1049],{"class":498}," 0",[303,1051,1049],{"class":498},[303,1053,1054],{"class":309}," \u002F ",[303,1056,1057],{"class":498},".65",[303,1059,800],{"class":309},[303,1061,1042],{"class":498},[303,1063,779],{"class":309},[303,1065,175],{"class":498},[303,1067,1049],{"class":498},[303,1069,1049],{"class":498},[303,1071,1054],{"class":309},[303,1073,175],{"class":498},[303,1075,790],{"class":309},[303,1077,526],{"class":498},[303,1079,589],{"class":529},[303,1081,1082],{"class":309},"); }\n",[14,1084,1085,1086,644,1089,1092],{},"The pseudo-element paints above the image (both are behind the content thanks to ",[18,1087,1088],{},"isolation: isolate",[18,1090,1091],{},"z-index: -1"," in document order), and the heading keeps its contrast. Verify with axe in CI that the text still passes contrast against the darkest and lightest parts of the image; automated checks cannot always compute contrast over images, so also check visually at several viewport widths.",[44,1094,1096],{"id":1095},"finding-background-heroes-across-a-site","Finding Background Heroes Across a Site",[14,1098,1099,1100,1102,1103,1106,1107,1110],{},"On a large site, background heroes hide in more places than the landing page template: section index pages, author pages, campaign pages built by marketing, and blog posts with a \"cover image\" rendered as a background. A quick audit finds them. Search the built CSS and HTML for ",[18,1101,771],{}," and inline ",[18,1104,1105],{},"style"," attributes with ",[18,1108,1109],{},"url(",", then cross-reference with field LCP attribution, which records the LCP element's selector. On this site the search found five templates using background heroes; field data showed three of them were the LCP element for most page views, and two were below the fold and harmless. Fixing the three and leaving the other two alone saved effort without leaving LCP on the table.",[14,1112,1113,1114,1117,1118,21,1120,1123,1124,1126],{},"A CSS lint rule can stop new ones: a Stylelint ",[18,1115,1116],{},"declaration-property-value-disallowed-list"," entry that flags ",[18,1119,771],{},[18,1121,1122],{},"url()"," in files under the hero and banner component directories, with a comment pointing to the ",[18,1125,35],{}," pattern. Decorative backgrounds elsewhere, such as subtle textures, are allowed; they are small and never the LCP element.",[14,1128,1129,1130,1132,1133,42],{},"Keep one special case in mind: some themes use a tiny blurred background image as a placeholder behind a hero ",[18,1131,35],{},". That is fine — it is inline or very small — and it complements the approach in ",[38,1134,1136],{"href":1135},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fblur-up-placeholders-with-lqip\u002F","Blur-Up Placeholders with LQIP",[44,1138,1140],{"id":1139},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[14,1142,1143],{},"Five landing pages, Lighthouse mobile median of five runs, and two weeks of field data:",[77,1145,1146,1160],{},[80,1147,1148],{},[83,1149,1150,1153,1155,1157],{},[86,1151,1152],{},"Measure",[86,1154,921],{},[86,1156,936],{},[86,1158,1159],{},"img + srcset + fetchpriority",[93,1161,1162,1175,1189,1203,1217],{},[83,1163,1164,1167,1169,1172],{},[98,1165,1166],{},"Hero request start (lab)",[98,1168,127],{},[98,1170,1171],{},"210 ms",[98,1173,1174],{},"205 ms",[83,1176,1177,1180,1183,1186],{},[98,1178,1179],{},"Hero bytes on a phone",[98,1181,1182],{},"312 KB",[98,1184,1185],{},"118 KB (single AVIF)",[98,1187,1188],{},"41 KB",[83,1190,1191,1194,1197,1200],{},[98,1192,1193],{},"LCP (lab)",[98,1195,1196],{},"1.90 s",[98,1198,1199],{},"1.24 s",[98,1201,1202],{},"0.98 s",[83,1204,1205,1208,1211,1214],{},[98,1206,1207],{},"LCP p75, mobile field",[98,1209,1210],{},"2.8 s",[98,1212,1213],{},"— (not shipped)",[98,1215,1216],{},"1.7 s",[83,1218,1219,1222,1225,1227],{},[98,1220,1221],{},"CLS p75",[98,1223,1224],{},"0.02",[98,1226,1224],{},[98,1228,1229],{},"0.01",[152,1231,1232,1318],{},[155,1233,163,1238,163,1241,163,1244,163,1247],{"viewBox":1234,"role":158,"ariaLabelledBy":1235,"xmlns":162},"0 0 760 196",[1236,1237],"bgh-after-title","bgh-after-desc",[165,1239,1240],{"id":1236},"LCP and hero image size for background, preloaded background and img",[169,1242,1243],{"id":1237},"Paired bars comparing the plain CSS background with the img approach. Lab LCP fell from 1.90 seconds to 0.98 seconds. Hero bytes on a phone fell from 312 kilobytes to 41 kilobytes.",[173,1245],{"x":175,"y":175,"width":176,"height":1246,"fill":178},"196",[180,1248,183,1249,183,1257,183,1261,183,1268,183,1272,183,1276,183,1280,183,1283,183,1286,183,1290,183,1293,183,1297,183,1302,183,1307,183,1310,183,1314,163],{"style":182},[173,1250],{"x":1251,"y":1252,"width":1253,"height":1254,"rx":1255,"fill":207,"opacity":1256,"stroke":208,"style":863},"212.5","50.0","14.0","12.0","2","0.3",[173,1258],{"x":1259,"y":1252,"width":1253,"height":1254,"rx":1255,"fill":877,"opacity":1260,"stroke":879,"style":863},"357.1","0.4",[173,1262],{"x":1263,"y":1264,"width":1265,"height":1266,"rx":1267,"fill":207,"opacity":1256,"stroke":208,"style":863},"230.0","82.0","452.1","16.0","3",[173,1269],{"x":1263,"y":1270,"width":1271,"height":1266,"rx":1267,"fill":877,"opacity":1260,"stroke":879,"style":863},"102.0","59.4",[173,1273],{"x":1263,"y":1274,"width":1275,"height":1266,"rx":1267,"fill":207,"opacity":1256,"stroke":208,"style":863},"134.0","275.3",[173,1277],{"x":1263,"y":1278,"width":1279,"height":1266,"rx":1267,"fill":877,"opacity":1260,"stroke":879,"style":863},"154.0","142.0",[185,1281],{"d":1282,"fill":188,"stroke":189,"style":198},"M230.0 78.0 L230.0 176.0",[213,1284,1285],{"x":215,"y":216,"fill":217,"style":218},"Lab LCP and hero bytes by approach",[213,1287,921],{"x":1288,"y":194,"fill":189,"style":1289},"232.5","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start",[213,1291,1159],{"x":1292,"y":194,"fill":189,"style":1289},"377.1",[213,1294,1179],{"x":1295,"y":1296,"fill":217,"style":1289},"20.0","105.2",[213,1298,1182],{"x":1299,"y":1300,"fill":247,"style":1301},"689.1","94.5","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700",[213,1303,1188],{"x":1304,"y":1305,"fill":1306,"style":1301},"296.4","114.5","#3f6410",[213,1308,1309],{"x":1295,"y":890,"fill":217,"style":1289},"Lab LCP (x100 ms scale)",[213,1311,1196],{"x":1312,"y":1313,"fill":247,"style":1301},"512.3","146.5",[213,1315,1202],{"x":1316,"y":1317,"fill":1306,"style":1301},"379.0","166.5",[273,1319,1320],{},"Lighthouse mobile, median of five runs across five landing pages; the preload variant sat between the two.",[44,1322,1324],{"id":1323},"pitfalls-rollback","Pitfalls & Rollback",[49,1326,1327,1334,1346,1352,1358],{},[52,1328,1329,1333],{},[1330,1331,1332],"strong",{},"Preload and CSS picking different files."," The browser downloads both; make them match or use a single URL.",[52,1335,1336,1341,1342,1345],{},[1330,1337,1338,1339,42],{},"Lazy-loading the hero ",[18,1340,35],{}," The LCP image must be eager; ",[18,1343,1344],{},"loading=\"lazy\""," on it delays LCP further.",[52,1347,1348,1351],{},[1330,1349,1350],{},"Losing the overlay."," Move gradient overlays to a pseudo-element, and recheck contrast.",[52,1353,1354,1357],{},[1330,1355,1356],{},"Meaningful images with empty alt."," If the hero conveys information, describe it.",[52,1359,1360,1363],{},[1330,1361,1362],{},"Rollback:"," the hero partial is one template; restoring the background version is a single revert.",[44,1365,1367],{"id":1366},"conclusion","Conclusion",[14,1369,1370,1371,1373,1374,25,1376,25,1378,644,1380,1382],{},"A hero painted with a CSS background image is invisible to the preload scanner, cannot be sized per device and cannot be prioritised — three problems for the element that usually decides LCP. Replace it with an ",[18,1372,35],{}," using ",[18,1375,288],{},[18,1377,149],{},[18,1379,647],{},[18,1381,651],{},"; preload only when the markup cannot change. On this site the change halved lab LCP and took field LCP from 2.8 s to 1.7 s with no visual difference.",[44,1384,1386],{"id":1385},"faq","FAQ",[1388,1389,1391],"h3",{"id":1390},"why-are-css-background-images-bad-for-lcp","Why are CSS background images bad for LCP?",[14,1393,1394],{},"The browser only discovers a background image after it has downloaded and parsed the stylesheet and matched the rule to an element, so the request starts late. It also cannot use srcset, sizes, loading or fetchpriority attributes, so it cannot choose a size or raise priority.",[1388,1396,1398],{"id":1397},"do-css-background-images-count-as-lcp-elements","Do CSS background images count as LCP elements?",[14,1400,1401],{},"Yes. Elements with a background image loaded via url() are LCP candidates, so a large hero background is often the LCP element even though it is invisible to the preload scanner.",[1388,1403,1405],{"id":1404},"what-is-the-best-fix","What is the best fix?",[14,1407,1408],{},"Replace the background with a real img element positioned behind the content with object-fit cover. That makes the image discoverable in the HTML and gives it srcset, sizes and fetchpriority. When that is not possible, preload the image with imagesrcset and fetchpriority high.",[1388,1410,1412],{"id":1411},"does-image-set-in-css-solve-the-problem","Does image-set in CSS solve the problem?",[14,1414,1415],{},"It adds resolution and format selection to CSS backgrounds, which helps bytes, but it does not fix late discovery or priority. 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Sites",{"path":1828,"title":1829},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Fpagefind-vs-algolia-docsearch","Pagefind vs Algolia DocSearch",{"path":1831,"title":1832},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Fpagefind-vs-lunr-for-small-documentation-sites","Pagefind vs Lunr for Small Documentation Sites",{"path":1834,"title":1835},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Fsearch-index-size-budgets-for-large-docs","Search Index Size Budgets for Large Docs",{"path":1837,"title":1838},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosting-typesense-for-a-static-site","Self-Hosting Typesense for a Static Site",{"path":1840,"title":1841},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Ftracking-zero-result-searches","Tracking 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Risk",{"path":1867,"title":1868},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix\u002Fssg-selection-checklist-for-engineering-teams","SSG Selection Checklist for Engineering Teams",{"path":1870,"title":1871},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix\u002Ftotal-cost-of-ownership-for-static-site-generators","Total Cost of Ownership for Static Site Generators",{"path":1873,"title":1874},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix\u002Fwhen-a-static-site-generator-is-the-wrong-choice","When a Static Site Generator Is the Wrong Choice",{"path":1876,"title":1877},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fadding-json-ld-structured-data-at-build-time","Adding JSON-LD Structured Data at Build Time",{"path":1879,"title":1880},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fcanonical-urls-and-duplicate-content-on-static-sites","Canonical URLs and Duplicate Content on Static Sites",{"path":1882,"title":1883},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-pages-crawled-but-not-indexed-on-static-sites","Fixing Pages Crawled but Not Indexed on Static Sites",{"path":1885,"title":1886},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-soft-404s-on-static-hosts","Fixing Soft 404s on Static Hosts",{"path":1888,"title":1889},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-breadcrumb-structured-data-in-astro","Generating Breadcrumb Structured Data in Astro",{"path":1891,"title":1892},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-sitemaps-for-large-static-sites","Generating Sitemaps for Large Static Sites",{"path":1894,"title":1895},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites","Technical SEO for Static Sites",{"path":1897,"title":1898},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frobots-txt-and-noindex-for-preview-and-staging","robots.txt and noindex for Preview and Staging",{"path":1900,"title":1901},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frss-and-atom-feeds-for-static-blogs","RSS and Atom Feeds for Static Blogs",{"path":1903,"title":1904},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fseo-safe-pagination-and-tag-pages","SEO-Safe Pagination and Tag Pages",{"path":1906,"title":1907},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-busting-with-content-hashed-filenames","Cache Busting with Content-Hashed Filenames",{"path":1909,"title":1910},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-for-static-sites-in-nginx","Cache-Control Headers for Static Sites in Nginx",{"path":1912,"title":1913},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-on-s3-and-cloudfront","Cache-Control Headers on S3 and CloudFront",{"path":1915,"title":1916},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-on-vercel-for-static-sites","Cache-Control Headers on Vercel for Static Sites",{"path":1918,"title":1919},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-keys-and-query-strings-on-cdns","Cache Keys and Query Strings on CDNs",{"path":1921,"title":1922},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcaching-404s-and-redirects-at-the-edge","Caching 404s and Redirects at the Edge",{"path":1924,"title":1925},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcloudflare-vs-cloudfront-cache-hit-ratios-for-static-sites","Cloudflare vs CloudFront Cache Hit Ratios for Static Sites",{"path":1927,"title":1928},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ffixing-stale-html-after-deploys-on-cloudflare","Fixing Stale HTML After Deploys on Cloudflare",{"path":1930,"title":1931},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs","CDN Caching Rules for SSGs",{"path":1933,"title":1934},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fpurging-the-cdn-cache-after-a-static-deploy","Purging the CDN Cache After a Static Deploy",{"path":1936,"title":1937},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fsetting-cache-control-headers-on-cloudflare-pages","Cache-Control Headers on Cloudflare Pages",{"path":1939,"title":1940},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fsetting-up-proper-cache-headers-on-netlify","Proper Cache Headers on Netlify for SSGs",{"path":1942,"title":1943},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fstale-while-revalidate-for-static-html","Stale-While-Revalidate for Static HTML",{"path":1945,"title":1946},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ftiered-caching-and-origin-shield","Tiered Caching and Origin Shield",{"path":1948,"title":1949},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fcode-splitting-and-module-preload-in-vite-based-ssgs","Code Splitting and Module Preload in Vite-Based SSGs",{"path":1951,"title":1952},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-missing-tailwind-classes-in-production-builds","Fixing Missing Tailwind Classes in Production Builds",{"path":1954,"title":1955},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-unused-javascript-warnings-on-static-pages","Fixing Unused JavaScript Warnings on Static Pages",{"path":1957,"title":1958},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization","CSS and JavaScript Asset Optimization",{"path":1960,"title":1961},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Finlining-critical-css-on-static-sites","Inlining Critical CSS on Static Sites",{"path":1963,"title":1964},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fkeeping-tailwind-css-output-small-on-static-sites","Keeping Tailwind CSS Output Small on Static Sites",{"path":1966,"title":1967},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fminifying-html-css-and-js-in-eleventy","Minifying HTML, CSS and JS in Eleventy",{"path":1969,"title":1970},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fprecompressing-assets-with-brotli-and-zstd","Precompressing Assets with Brotli and Zstd",{"path":1972,"title":1973},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fpurging-unused-css-with-tailwind-and-lightningcss","Purging Unused CSS with Tailwind and Lightning CSS",{"path":1975,"title":1976},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fsvg-icon-sprites-vs-inline-icons","SVG Icon Sprites vs Inline Icons",{"path":1978,"title":1979},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ftailwind-v4-in-astro-without-postcss-plugins","Tailwind v4 in Astro Without PostCSS 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Embeds",{"path":2017,"title":2018},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fauditing-font-payload-per-page","Auditing Font Payload per Page",{"path":2020,"title":2021},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-invisible-text-while-web-fonts-load","Fixing Invisible Text While Web Fonts Load",{"path":2023,"title":2024},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Ffont-display-optional-vs-swap","font-display: optional vs swap",{"path":2026,"title":2027},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites","Font Loading Strategies for Static Sites",{"path":2029,"title":2030},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fmetric-matched-fallback-fonts-with-size-adjust","Metric-Matched Fallback Fonts with size-adjust",{"path":2032,"title":2033},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fpreloading-fonts-without-double-downloads","Preloading Fonts Without Double Downloads",{"path":2035,"title":2036},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosted-fonts-vs-google-fonts-for-static-sites","Self-Hosted Fonts vs Google Fonts for Static Sites",{"path":2038,"title":2039},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosting-google-fonts-to-eliminate-layout-shift","Self-Host Google Fonts to Eliminate Layout 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Plugins",{"path":2075,"title":2076},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fresponsive-images-with-srcset-in-eleventy","Responsive Images with srcset in Eleventy",{"path":2078,"title":2079},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fserving-astro-images-through-cloudflare-image-resizing","Serving Astro Images Through Cloudflare Image Resizing",{"path":2081,"title":2082},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fserving-avif-with-fallbacks-on-static-sites","Serving AVIF With Fallbacks on Static Sites",{"path":2084,"title":1485},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs",{"path":2086,"title":2087},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fastro-islands-vs-full-hydration-performance","Astro Islands vs Full Hydration 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Widgets",{"path":2101,"title":2102},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fhow-to-reduce-bundle-size-in-eleventy-builds","How to Reduce Bundle Size in Eleventy Builds",{"path":2104,"title":2105},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering","JavaScript Hydration & Partial Rendering",{"path":2107,"title":2108},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fmeasuring-inp-on-static-sites-with-real-user-monitoring","Measuring INP on Static Sites with RUM",{"path":2110,"title":2111},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fpreact-vs-react-islands-bundle-size","Preact vs React Islands Bundle Size",{"path":2113,"title":2114},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Freplacing-react-islands-with-web-components","Replacing React Islands with Web Components",{"path":2116,"title":2117},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fserver-islands-in-astro","Server Islands in Astro",{"path":2119,"title":2120},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Feliminating-render-blocking-css-on-static-sites","Eliminating Render-Blocking CSS on Static Sites",{"path":2122,"title":2123},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-on-text-heavy-documentation-pages","Fixing LCP on Text-Heavy Documentation Pages",{"path":2125,"title":2126},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-regressions-caused-by-cookie-consent-tools","Fixing LCP Regressions Caused by Cookie Consent Tools",{"path":1500,"title":5},{"path":2129,"title":2130},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-slow-lcp-on-pages-with-embedded-video","Fixing Slow LCP on Pages With Embedded Video",{"path":2132,"title":2133},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Fimproving-ttfb-for-static-html","Improving TTFB for Static HTML",{"path":2135,"title":41},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites",{"path":2137,"title":2138},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-lcp-subparts-with-devtools","Measuring LCP Subparts with DevTools",{"path":2140,"title":1443},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Foptimizing-lcp-on-astro-with-priority-hints",{"path":2142,"title":1436},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Freducing-lcp-from-hero-images-on-static-sites",{"path":2144,"title":2145},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fcomparing-lab-and-field-data-with-crux","Comparing Lab and Field Data with CrUX",{"path":2147,"title":2148},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci","Performance Budgets and Lighthouse CI",{"path":2150,"title":2151},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Flighthouse-ci-vs-webpagetest-for-regression-gates","Lighthouse CI vs WebPageTest for Regression Gates",{"path":2153,"title":2154},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fmeasuring-web-vitals-in-playwright-tests","Measuring Web Vitals in Playwright Tests",{"path":2156,"title":2157},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fper-template-performance-budgets","Per-Template Performance Budgets",{"path":2159,"title":2160},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fperformance-testing-on-throttled-mobile-profiles","Performance Testing on Throttled Mobile Profiles",{"path":2162,"title":2163},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Freducing-lighthouse-score-variance-in-ci","Reducing Lighthouse Score Variance in CI",{"path":2165,"title":2166},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Frunning-webpagetest-scripts-against-preview-deploys","Running WebPageTest Scripts Against Preview Deploys",{"path":2168,"title":2169},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fsetting-up-lighthouse-ci-for-a-static-site","Setting Up Lighthouse CI for a Static Site",{"path":2171,"title":2172},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Ftracking-bundle-size-per-pull-request","Tracking Bundle Size per Pull Request",{"path":2174,"title":2175},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Ftracking-page-weight-over-time","Tracking Page Weight Over Time",{"path":2177,"title":2178},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fwriting-a-performance-budget-that-fails-builds","Writing a Performance Budget That Fails Builds",{"path":2180,"title":2181},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fauditing-unused-preloads","Auditing Unused Preloads",{"path":2183,"title":2184},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fearly-hints-103-on-cloudflare","Early Hints (103) on Cloudflare",{"path":2186,"title":1457},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Ffetchpriority-beyond-the-hero-image",{"path":2188,"title":2189},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Ffixing-wasted-preloads-flagged-by-chrome","Fixing Wasted Preloads Flagged by Chrome",{"path":2191,"title":2192},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed","Resource Hints and Navigation Speed",{"path":2194,"title":2195},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Finstant-navigation-with-speculation-rules","Instant Navigation with Speculation Rules",{"path":2197,"title":2198},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fpreconnect-vs-dns-prefetch-on-static-sites","Preconnect vs DNS-Prefetch on Static Sites",{"path":2200,"title":2201},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fprefetching-links-in-astro","Prefetching Links in Astro",{"path":2203,"title":2204},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fview-transitions-in-astro-without-hurting-vitals","View Transitions in Astro Without Hurting Vitals",{"path":2206,"title":2207},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fview-transitions-on-multi-page-static-sites","View Transitions on Multi-Page Static Sites",{"path":2209,"title":2210},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fauditing-third-party-scripts-with-lighthouse","Auditing Third-Party Scripts With Lighthouse",{"path":2212,"title":2213},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Ffacades-for-chat-widgets-and-maps","Facades for Chat Widgets and Maps",{"path":2215,"title":2216},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Ffixing-main-thread-blocking-from-chat-widgets","Fixing Main-Thread Blocking From Chat Widgets",{"path":2218,"title":2219},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites","Third-Party Script Performance on Static Sites",{"path":2221,"title":2222},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Flazy-loading-youtube-embeds-on-static-sites","Lazy-Loading YouTube Embeds on Static Sites",{"path":2224,"title":2225},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Floading-google-tag-manager-without-hurting-inp","Loading Google Tag Manager Without Hurting INP",{"path":2227,"title":2228},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-third-party-cost-with-request-blocking","Measuring Third-Party Cost with Request Blocking",{"path":2230,"title":2231},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fprivacy-friendly-analytics-compared-by-page-weight","Privacy-Friendly Analytics Compared by Page Weight",{"path":2233,"title":2234},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Frunning-third-party-scripts-in-a-web-worker-with-partytown","Running Third-Party Scripts in a Web Worker with 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