[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1664},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fpreconnect-vs-dns-prefetch-on-static-sites":3,"all-docs-nav":1123},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1098,"dateModified":1108,"datePublished":1108,"description":1109,"extension":1110,"faq":1111,"meta":1116,"navigation":1117,"path":1118,"seo":1119,"slug":12,"stem":1120,"type":1121,"__hash__":1122},"content\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fpreconnect-vs-dns-prefetch-on-static-sites\u002Findex.md","Preconnect vs DNS-Prefetch on Static Sites",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1080},"minimark",[9,13,26,35,40,53,57,193,196,200,203,307,427,431,434,541,560,661,671,675,678,767,862,874,878,881,892,896,899,926,930,984,988,1000,1004,1009,1012,1016,1019,1023,1026,1030,1033,1037,1076],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"preconnect-vs-dns-prefetch-on-static-sites",[14,15,16,17,21,22,25],"p",{},"Every new origin a page talks to costs a setup tax before the first byte: a DNS lookup, a TCP handshake and a TLS negotiation. On a fast desktop connection that is 50–100 ms; on a mobile network with 150 ms round trips it is 300–450 ms. ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"preconnect"," pays that tax early, in parallel with other work; ",[18,23,24],{},"dns-prefetch"," pays only the DNS part. Both are one line of HTML, and both are frequently used in ways that make pages slower.",[14,27,28,29,34],{},"This guide measures both hints on a static blog that loads its hero images from an image CDN, runs a privacy-friendly analytics script from another origin and embeds occasional videos. It is part of ",[30,31,33],"a",{"href":32},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002F","Resource Hints and Navigation Speed",".",[36,37,39],"h2",{"id":38},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[41,42,43,47,50],"ul",{},[44,45,46],"li",{},"A list of every origin your pages contact. Chrome DevTools' Network panel, grouped by domain, gives it in seconds.",[44,48,49],{},"For each origin, when in the load it is first used and whether its resources are needed for first render.",[44,51,52],{},"Lighthouse or WebPageTest to measure the effect of each change on LCP.",[36,54,56],{"id":55},"what-each-hint-does","What Each Hint Does",[58,59,60,189],"figure",{},[61,62,69,70,69,74,69,78,69,85],"svg",{"viewBox":63,"role":64,"ariaLabelledBy":65,"xmlns":68},"0 0 760 280","img",[66,67],"pcd-steps-title","pcd-steps-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[71,72,73],"title",{"id":66},"Connection setup covered by each hint",[75,76,77],"desc",{"id":67},"Connection setup to a new origin has three steps: DNS lookup, TCP handshake and TLS handshake, each about one round trip on mobile. dns-prefetch completes only the DNS step in advance. preconnect completes all three. Without a hint, all three happen when the first request is made.",[79,80],"rect",{"x":81,"y":81,"width":82,"height":83,"fill":84},"0","760","280","#ffffff",[86,87,89,90,89,98,89,104,89,114,89,120,89,123,89,127,89,130,89,134,89,139,89,143,89,146,89,152,89,156,89,158,89,160,89,162,89,164,89,166,89,168,89,171,89,175,89,179,89,181,89,183,69],"g",{"style":88},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px","\n    ",[91,92,97],"text",{"x":93,"y":94,"fill":95,"style":96},"380","28","#1f2937","font-size:16px;font-weight:700;text-anchor:middle","What gets done before the first request",[91,99,103],{"x":100,"y":101,"fill":95,"style":102},"30","84","font-weight:700","No hint",[79,105],{"x":106,"y":107,"width":108,"height":94,"rx":109,"fill":110,"opacity":111,"stroke":112,"style":113},"180","66","130","4","#ff595e","0.2","#d83b41","stroke-width:1px",[91,115,119],{"x":116,"y":117,"fill":95,"style":118},"245","85","text-anchor:middle","DNS",[79,121],{"x":122,"y":107,"width":108,"height":94,"rx":109,"fill":110,"opacity":111,"stroke":112,"style":113},"310",[91,124,126],{"x":125,"y":117,"fill":95,"style":118},"375","TCP",[79,128],{"x":129,"y":107,"width":108,"height":94,"rx":109,"fill":110,"opacity":111,"stroke":112,"style":113},"440",[91,131,133],{"x":132,"y":117,"fill":95,"style":118},"505","TLS",[79,135],{"x":136,"y":107,"width":137,"height":94,"rx":109,"fill":138,"opacity":111,"stroke":138,"style":113},"570","150","#1982c4",[91,140,142],{"x":141,"y":117,"fill":95,"style":118},"645","request",[91,144,24],{"x":100,"y":145,"fill":95,"style":102},"144",[79,147],{"x":106,"y":148,"width":108,"height":94,"rx":109,"fill":149,"opacity":150,"stroke":151,"style":113},"126","#8ac926","0.3","#5a8a16",[91,153,155],{"x":116,"y":154,"fill":95,"style":118},"145","DNS (early)",[79,157],{"x":122,"y":148,"width":108,"height":94,"rx":109,"fill":110,"opacity":111,"stroke":112,"style":113},[91,159,126],{"x":125,"y":154,"fill":95,"style":118},[79,161],{"x":129,"y":148,"width":108,"height":94,"rx":109,"fill":110,"opacity":111,"stroke":112,"style":113},[91,163,133],{"x":132,"y":154,"fill":95,"style":118},[79,165],{"x":136,"y":148,"width":137,"height":94,"rx":109,"fill":138,"opacity":111,"stroke":138,"style":113},[91,167,142],{"x":141,"y":154,"fill":95,"style":118},[91,169,20],{"x":100,"y":170,"fill":95,"style":102},"204",[79,172],{"x":106,"y":173,"width":174,"height":94,"rx":109,"fill":149,"opacity":150,"stroke":151,"style":113},"186","390",[91,176,178],{"x":125,"y":177,"fill":95,"style":118},"205","DNS + TCP + TLS (early, in parallel)",[79,180],{"x":136,"y":173,"width":137,"height":94,"rx":109,"fill":138,"opacity":111,"stroke":138,"style":113},[91,182,142],{"x":141,"y":177,"fill":95,"style":118},[91,184,188],{"x":93,"y":185,"fill":186,"style":187},"256","#556071","font-size:11px;text-anchor:middle","green = moved off the critical path · red = still paid when the request is made",[190,191,192],"figcaption",{},"preconnect saves up to three round trips, dns-prefetch saves one; both only help if the origin is really used soon.",[14,194,195],{},"A preconnected socket is not free: it holds a connection open, costs a TLS handshake's worth of CPU, and browsers close idle preconnects after roughly ten seconds. If nothing uses it by then, the work was wasted, and on a busy mobile load it may have delayed something that mattered.",[36,197,199],{"id":198},"the-test-sites-origins","The Test Site's Origins",[14,201,202],{},"The blog's post template contacted five origins besides its own:",[204,205,206,225],"table",{},[207,208,209],"thead",{},[210,211,212,216,219,222],"tr",{},[213,214,215],"th",{},"Origin",[213,217,218],{},"Used for",[213,220,221],{},"First used at",[213,223,224],{},"Needed for first render?",[226,227,228,245,261,277,292],"tbody",{},[210,229,230,236,239,242],{},[231,232,233],"td",{},[18,234,235],{},"img.example-cdn.net",[231,237,238],{},"hero image (the LCP element)",[231,240,241],{},"~350 ms",[231,243,244],{},"yes",[210,246,247,252,255,258],{},[231,248,249],{},[18,250,251],{},"fonts.example-cdn.net",[231,253,254],{},"two web fonts",[231,256,257],{},"~420 ms",[231,259,260],{},"yes (text)",[210,262,263,268,271,274],{},[231,264,265],{},[18,266,267],{},"plausible.io",[231,269,270],{},"analytics script",[231,272,273],{},"after load",[231,275,276],{},"no",[210,278,279,284,287,290],{},[231,280,281],{},[18,282,283],{},"www.youtube-nocookie.com",[231,285,286],{},"embedded video (1 in 6 posts)",[231,288,289],{},"on interaction",[231,291,276],{},[210,293,294,299,302,305],{},[231,295,296],{},[18,297,298],{},"api.example-comments.com",[231,300,301],{},"comments widget",[231,303,304],{},"on scroll",[231,306,276],{},[58,308,309,424],{},[61,310,69,315,69,318,69,321,69,324],{"viewBox":311,"role":64,"ariaLabelledBy":312,"xmlns":68},"0 0 760 270",[313,314],"pcd-orig-title","pcd-orig-desc",[71,316,317],{"id":313},"When each origin is first used during the load",[75,319,320],{"id":314},"A timeline from 0 to 3 seconds. The image CDN is first used at about 350 milliseconds and the font CDN at 420, both before LCP at about 2.4 seconds, so they are preconnect candidates. Analytics is used after load, comments on scroll and video only on interaction, so they get dns-prefetch or no hint.",[79,322],{"x":81,"y":81,"width":82,"height":323,"fill":84},"270",[86,325,89,326,89,329,89,336,89,340,89,344,89,348,89,351,89,356,89,363,89,366,89,372,89,377,89,381,89,385,89,389,89,392,89,398,89,402,89,406,89,410,89,413,89,416,89,420,69],{"style":88},[91,327,328],{"x":93,"y":94,"fill":95,"style":96},"First use of each origin, post template",[330,331],"line",{"x1":332,"y1":333,"x2":334,"y2":333,"stroke":186,"style":335},"200","226","720","stroke-width:1.5px",[91,337,339],{"x":332,"y":338,"fill":186,"style":187},"244","0 s",[91,341,343],{"x":342,"y":338,"fill":186,"style":187},"373","1 s",[91,345,347],{"x":346,"y":338,"fill":186,"style":187},"546","2 s",[91,349,350],{"x":334,"y":338,"fill":186,"style":187},"3 s+",[330,352],{"x1":353,"y1":354,"x2":353,"y2":333,"stroke":112,"style":355},"615","46","stroke-width:1.5px;stroke-dasharray:5 4",[91,357,362],{"x":358,"y":359,"fill":360,"style":361},"611","58","#b32b30","font-size:11px;font-weight:700;text-anchor:end","LCP 2.4 s",[91,364,365],{"x":100,"y":101,"fill":95},"image CDN",[367,368],"circle",{"cx":369,"cy":370,"r":371,"fill":149,"stroke":151,"style":335},"261","80","7",[91,373,20],{"x":374,"y":101,"fill":375,"style":376},"275","#3f6410","font-size:11px;font-weight:700",[91,378,380],{"x":100,"y":379,"fill":95},"114","font CDN",[367,382],{"cx":383,"cy":384,"r":371,"fill":149,"stroke":151,"style":335},"273","110",[91,386,388],{"x":387,"y":379,"fill":375,"style":376},"287","self-host instead",[91,390,391],{"x":100,"y":145,"fill":95},"analytics",[367,393],{"cx":394,"cy":395,"r":371,"fill":396,"stroke":397,"style":335},"660","140","#ffca3a","#a97b00",[91,399,24],{"x":400,"y":145,"fill":401,"style":361},"646","#8a6d0f",[91,403,405],{"x":100,"y":404,"fill":95},"174","comments API",[367,407],{"cx":408,"cy":409,"r":371,"fill":396,"stroke":397,"style":335},"700","170",[91,411,24],{"x":412,"y":404,"fill":401,"style":361},"686",[91,414,415],{"x":100,"y":170,"fill":95},"video embed",[367,417],{"cx":418,"cy":332,"r":371,"fill":419,"stroke":186,"style":335},"715","#f8fafc",[91,421,423],{"x":422,"y":170,"fill":186,"style":361},"701","on interaction only",[190,425,426],{},"Anything used before LCP is a preconnect candidate; anything after it is not.",[36,428,430],{"id":429},"recipe-hint-by-criticality","Recipe: Hint by Criticality",[14,432,433],{},"Each origin gets the hint that matches when and whether it is needed:",[435,436,441],"pre",{"className":437,"code":438,"language":439,"meta":440,"style":440},"language-html shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","\u003C!-- critical, used in the first second: preconnect -->\n\u003Clink rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.example-cdn.net\">\n\u003C!-- non-critical or late: dns-prefetch at most -->\n\u003Clink rel=\"dns-prefetch\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fplausible.io\">\n\u003Clink rel=\"dns-prefetch\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.example-comments.com\">\n\u003C!-- used only on interaction: nothing; connect when the facade is clicked -->\n","html","",[18,442,443,451,484,490,513,535],{"__ignoreMap":440},[444,445,447],"span",{"class":330,"line":446},1,[444,448,450],{"class":449},"sJ8bj","\u003C!-- critical, used in the first second: preconnect -->\n",[444,452,454,458,462,466,469,473,476,478,481],{"class":330,"line":453},2,[444,455,457],{"class":456},"sVt8B","\u003C",[444,459,461],{"class":460},"s9eBZ","link",[444,463,465],{"class":464},"sScJk"," rel",[444,467,468],{"class":456},"=",[444,470,472],{"class":471},"sZZnC","\"preconnect\"",[444,474,475],{"class":464}," href",[444,477,468],{"class":456},[444,479,480],{"class":471},"\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.example-cdn.net\"",[444,482,483],{"class":456},">\n",[444,485,487],{"class":330,"line":486},3,[444,488,489],{"class":449},"\u003C!-- non-critical or late: dns-prefetch at most -->\n",[444,491,493,495,497,499,501,504,506,508,511],{"class":330,"line":492},4,[444,494,457],{"class":456},[444,496,461],{"class":460},[444,498,465],{"class":464},[444,500,468],{"class":456},[444,502,503],{"class":471},"\"dns-prefetch\"",[444,505,475],{"class":464},[444,507,468],{"class":456},[444,509,510],{"class":471},"\"https:\u002F\u002Fplausible.io\"",[444,512,483],{"class":456},[444,514,516,518,520,522,524,526,528,530,533],{"class":330,"line":515},5,[444,517,457],{"class":456},[444,519,461],{"class":460},[444,521,465],{"class":464},[444,523,468],{"class":456},[444,525,503],{"class":471},[444,527,475],{"class":464},[444,529,468],{"class":456},[444,531,532],{"class":471},"\"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.example-comments.com\"",[444,534,483],{"class":456},[444,536,538],{"class":330,"line":537},6,[444,539,540],{"class":449},"\u003C!-- used only on interaction: nothing; connect when the facade is clicked -->\n",[14,542,543,544,548,549,551,552,555,556,34],{},"Two origins were removed from the list entirely rather than hinted. The fonts moved to the site's own origin — self-hosting eliminates the connection, which beats any hint, as covered in ",[30,545,547],{"href":546},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosting-google-fonts-to-eliminate-layout-shift\u002F","Self-Hosting Google Fonts to Eliminate Layout Shift",". The video embed became a click-to-load facade, and the facade's click handler adds a ",[18,550,20],{}," on ",[18,553,554],{},"pointerdown"," so the connection starts about 100 ms before the click completes, following the pattern in ",[30,557,559],{"href":558},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Flazy-loading-youtube-embeds-on-static-sites\u002F","Lazy-Loading YouTube Embeds on Static Sites",[435,561,565],{"className":562,"code":563,"language":564,"meta":440,"style":440},"language-js shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","facade.addEventListener('pointerdown', () => {\n  const l = Object.assign(document.createElement('link'),\n    { rel: 'preconnect', href: 'https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com' });\n  document.head.append(l);\n}, { once: true });\n","js",[18,566,567,591,623,640,651],{"__ignoreMap":440},[444,568,569,572,575,578,581,584,588],{"class":330,"line":446},[444,570,571],{"class":456},"facade.",[444,573,574],{"class":464},"addEventListener",[444,576,577],{"class":456},"(",[444,579,580],{"class":471},"'pointerdown'",[444,582,583],{"class":456},", () ",[444,585,587],{"class":586},"szBVR","=>",[444,589,590],{"class":456}," {\n",[444,592,593,596,600,603,606,609,612,615,617,620],{"class":330,"line":453},[444,594,595],{"class":586},"  const",[444,597,599],{"class":598},"sj4cs"," l",[444,601,602],{"class":586}," =",[444,604,605],{"class":456}," Object.",[444,607,608],{"class":464},"assign",[444,610,611],{"class":456},"(document.",[444,613,614],{"class":464},"createElement",[444,616,577],{"class":456},[444,618,619],{"class":471},"'link'",[444,621,622],{"class":456},"),\n",[444,624,625,628,631,634,637],{"class":330,"line":486},[444,626,627],{"class":456},"    { rel: ",[444,629,630],{"class":471},"'preconnect'",[444,632,633],{"class":456},", href: ",[444,635,636],{"class":471},"'https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com'",[444,638,639],{"class":456}," });\n",[444,641,642,645,648],{"class":330,"line":492},[444,643,644],{"class":456},"  document.head.",[444,646,647],{"class":464},"append",[444,649,650],{"class":456},"(l);\n",[444,652,653,656,659],{"class":330,"line":515},[444,654,655],{"class":456},"}, { once: ",[444,657,658],{"class":598},"true",[444,660,639],{"class":456},[14,662,663,664,667,668,670],{},"For generator templates, emit the image-CDN preconnect only on templates that actually render an image from it. In Hugo that is a conditional in the head partial (",[18,665,666],{},"{{ if .Params.hero }}","); in Astro, pass a ",[18,669,20],{}," prop from the page to the layout; in Eleventy, set a front-matter flag the base layout reads.",[36,672,674],{"id":673},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[14,676,677],{},"Five configurations of the post template, Lighthouse 12 mobile, median of five runs, preview deploy on Cloudflare:",[204,679,680,696],{},[207,681,682],{},[210,683,684,687,690,693],{},[213,685,686],{},"Configuration",[213,688,689],{},"LCP",[213,691,692],{},"FCP",[213,694,695],{},"Connections opened before LCP",[226,697,698,711,724,737,751],{},[210,699,700,703,706,709],{},[231,701,702],{},"No hints, fonts on CDN",[231,704,705],{},"2.46 s",[231,707,708],{},"1.62 s",[231,710,109],{},[210,712,713,716,719,722],{},[231,714,715],{},"preconnect to all 5 origins",[231,717,718],{},"2.38 s",[231,720,721],{},"1.71 s",[231,723,371],{},[210,725,726,729,732,735],{},[231,727,728],{},"preconnect image + font CDNs only",[231,730,731],{},"2.21 s",[231,733,734],{},"1.49 s",[231,736,109],{},[210,738,739,742,745,748],{},[231,740,741],{},"Fonts self-hosted, preconnect image CDN, dns-prefetch the rest",[231,743,744],{},"1.98 s",[231,746,747],{},"1.21 s",[231,749,750],{},"2",[210,752,753,760,763,765],{},[231,754,755,756,759],{},"Same, plus ",[18,757,758],{},"fetchpriority=\"high\""," on hero",[231,761,762],{},"1.74 s",[231,764,747],{},[231,766,750],{},[58,768,769,859],{},[61,770,69,775,69,778,69,781,69,784],{"viewBox":771,"role":64,"ariaLabelledBy":772,"xmlns":68},"0 0 760 290",[773,774],"pcd-lcp-title","pcd-lcp-desc",[71,776,777],{"id":773},"LCP across five hint configurations",[75,779,780],{"id":774},"Horizontal bars of LCP. No hints 2.46 seconds. Preconnect to all five origins 2.38 seconds, with first contentful paint getting worse. Preconnect to the two critical origins 2.21 seconds. Self-hosted fonts with one preconnect and dns-prefetch for the rest 1.98 seconds. The same plus fetchpriority high on the hero image 1.74 seconds.",[79,782],{"x":81,"y":81,"width":82,"height":783,"fill":84},"290",[86,785,89,786,89,789,89,792,89,796,89,801,89,806,89,809,89,813,89,818,89,822,89,827,89,832,89,836,89,840,89,843,89,847,89,851,89,856,69],{"style":88},[91,787,788],{"x":93,"y":94,"fill":95,"style":96},"Post template LCP (s), mobile, median of 5",[330,790],{"x1":783,"y1":354,"x2":783,"y2":185,"stroke":791,"style":335},"#d9e2ef",[91,793,795],{"x":100,"y":794,"fill":95},"72","No hints",[79,797],{"x":783,"y":359,"width":798,"height":799,"rx":109,"fill":110,"opacity":800,"stroke":112,"style":113},"394","22","0.25",[91,802,805],{"x":803,"y":804,"fill":95,"style":102},"692","74","2.46",[91,807,808],{"x":100,"y":379,"fill":95},"preconnect everything",[79,810],{"x":783,"y":811,"width":812,"height":799,"rx":109,"fill":110,"opacity":800,"stroke":112,"style":113},"100","381",[91,814,817],{"x":815,"y":816,"fill":95,"style":102},"679","116","2.38",[91,819,821],{"x":100,"y":820,"fill":95},"156","preconnect 2 critical",[79,823],{"x":783,"y":824,"width":825,"height":799,"rx":109,"fill":396,"opacity":826,"stroke":397,"style":113},"142","354","0.35",[91,828,831],{"x":829,"y":830,"fill":95,"style":102},"652","158","2.21",[91,833,835],{"x":100,"y":834,"fill":95},"198","self-host fonts + 1 preconnect",[79,837],{"x":783,"y":838,"width":839,"height":799,"rx":109,"fill":149,"opacity":150,"stroke":151,"style":113},"184","317",[91,841,842],{"x":353,"y":332,"fill":95,"style":102},"1.98",[91,844,846],{"x":100,"y":845,"fill":95},"240","+ fetchpriority on hero",[79,848],{"x":783,"y":333,"width":849,"height":799,"rx":109,"fill":149,"opacity":850,"stroke":151,"style":113},"278","0.45",[91,852,855],{"x":853,"y":854,"fill":375,"style":102},"576","242","1.74",[91,857,858],{"x":93,"y":849,"fill":186,"style":187},"Lighthouse 12 mobile preset, simulated 4G, preview deploy on Cloudflare",[190,860,861],{},"Hinting everything barely helped LCP and hurt FCP; removing origins and hinting only the critical one did far more.",[14,863,864,865,869,870,873],{},"Two findings generalise. Preconnecting to every origin was nearly useless: LCP improved by 80 ms while FCP got 90 ms worse, because seven early connections competed with the HTML and CSS. And the largest wins came from ",[866,867,868],"em",{},"removing"," origins (self-hosting fonts) and from priority (",[18,871,872],{},"fetchpriority","), not from connection hints at all.",[36,875,877],{"id":876},"http2-http3-and-connection-coalescing","HTTP\u002F2, HTTP\u002F3 and Connection Coalescing",[14,879,880],{},"Modern protocols change the arithmetic in two ways worth knowing. First, HTTP\u002F3 over QUIC combines the transport and TLS handshakes into one round trip (and zero for repeat visits with session resumption), so the tax a preconnect saves is smaller than on HTTP\u002F1.1 or HTTP\u002F2 over TCP — roughly one round trip instead of two or three. A preconnect to an HTTP\u002F3 origin still helps, but by less; on the test blog the image-CDN preconnect saved 140 ms over HTTP\u002F2 and 90 ms over HTTP\u002F3.",[14,882,883,884,887,888,891],{},"Second, browsers coalesce connections: if two hostnames resolve to the same IP address and are covered by the same TLS certificate, an HTTP\u002F2 or HTTP\u002F3 connection opened for one can carry requests for the other. Serving images from ",[18,885,886],{},"img.example.com"," and pages from ",[18,889,890],{},"www.example.com"," through the same CDN with a wildcard or multi-name certificate often means the image requests reuse the page's connection and need no hint at all. Check in DevTools: the Connection ID column in the Network panel shows whether two origins share a connection. If they do, remove the preconnect — it can only open a redundant socket. This is another reason moving assets onto your own domain, even when they are served by a third-party CDN, tends to beat any hint.",[36,893,895],{"id":894},"checking-hints-in-production","Checking Hints in Production",[14,897,898],{},"Hints drift. A redesign moves the hero to a different CDN path; an analytics vendor changes domain; a preconnect stays in the layout for an origin nothing uses any more. Two checks keep them honest.",[14,900,901,902,905,906,910,911,914,915,918,919,914,922,925],{},"In the lab, Lighthouse's ",[18,903,904],{},"uses-rel-preconnect"," audit suggests origins that would benefit from a preconnect, and its console warnings list preconnects that were not used within ten seconds — assert both in Lighthouse CI, as set up in ",[30,907,909],{"href":908},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fsetting-up-lighthouse-ci-for-a-static-site\u002F","Setting Up Lighthouse CI for a Static Site",". In the field, the Resource Timing API shows whether a request reused a preconnected socket: when ",[18,912,913],{},"connectStart"," equals ",[18,916,917],{},"connectEnd"," and ",[18,920,921],{},"domainLookupStart",[18,923,924],{},"domainLookupEnd"," for the first request to an origin, the connection was already open. A tiny RUM beacon that reports this for the LCP image origin confirmed the hint was effective for 94% of page views; the remaining 6% were readers with the image already in cache, where no connection was needed.",[36,927,929],{"id":928},"pitfalls-rollback","Pitfalls & Rollback",[41,931,932,939,949,955,969,975],{},[44,933,934,938],{},[935,936,937],"strong",{},"Preconnecting to every third party."," Extra early connections compete with critical requests. Preconnect only to origins used for first render.",[44,940,941,948],{},[935,942,943,944,947],{},"Missing ",[18,945,946],{},"crossorigin"," for CORS fetches."," A preconnect without it opens a non-CORS connection that font and module requests cannot reuse.",[44,950,951,954],{},[935,952,953],{},"Preconnecting to your own origin."," The HTML request already opened that connection. It does nothing.",[44,956,957,960,961,964,965,968],{},[935,958,959],{},"Duplicating hints in headers and HTML."," A ",[18,962,963],{},"Link"," response header and an identical ",[18,966,967],{},"\u003Clink>"," tag are harmless but confusing; keep hints in one place so audits find them.",[44,970,971,974],{},[935,972,973],{},"Hints in a global layout."," An image-CDN preconnect on templates without images is a wasted connection on every view. Emit hints per template.",[44,976,977,980,981,983],{},[935,978,979],{},"Rollback:"," hints are single ",[18,982,967],{}," lines. Removing one restores default behaviour on the next deploy with no other effect.",[36,985,987],{"id":986},"conclusion","Conclusion",[14,989,990,991,993,994,996,997,999],{},"On static sites, the best connection hint is usually no connection: self-host fonts and scripts so they share the page's origin. For the one or two third-party origins that serve first-render resources — typically an image CDN — use ",[18,992,20],{},". For everything later or optional, use ",[18,995,24],{}," or nothing, and connect on interaction for click-to-load embeds. On the test blog that combination, plus ",[18,998,872],{}," on the hero, cut LCP from 2.46 to 1.74 seconds, while preconnecting to every origin had barely moved it.",[36,1001,1003],{"id":1002},"faq","FAQ",[1005,1006,1008],"h3",{"id":1007},"what-does-preconnect-actually-do","What does preconnect actually do?",[14,1010,1011],{},"It performs the DNS lookup, TCP connection and TLS handshake to an origin before any request needs it. When the first real request to that origin happens, the connection is already open, saving one to three round trips.",[1005,1013,1015],{"id":1014},"when-is-dns-prefetch-the-better-choice","When is dns-prefetch the better choice?",[14,1017,1018],{},"For origins used later in the page or only sometimes, such as analytics or a comments service. dns-prefetch costs almost nothing and saves the DNS lookup, while an unused preconnect wastes a connection and CPU time.",[1005,1020,1022],{"id":1021},"do-i-need-crossorigin-on-preconnect","Do I need crossorigin on preconnect?",[14,1024,1025],{},"Only if the resources you will fetch from that origin are requested in CORS mode, such as web fonts or scripts with the crossorigin attribute. The browser keeps separate connections for credentialed and anonymous requests, so a mismatched preconnect is not reused.",[1005,1027,1029],{"id":1028},"why-did-adding-preconnects-make-my-page-slower","Why did adding preconnects make my page slower?",[14,1031,1032],{},"Each preconnect competes for the network and CPU during the most critical part of the load. On mobile, opening several extra connections early can delay the HTML, CSS or LCP image. Keep preconnects to the one or two origins needed for first render.",[36,1034,1036],{"id":1035},"related","Related",[41,1038,1039,1048,1055,1062,1069],{},[44,1040,1041,1044,1045,1047],{},[935,1042,1043],{},"Parent:"," ",[30,1046,33],{"href":32}," — all the hints and when each applies.",[44,1049,1050,1054],{},[30,1051,1053],{"href":1052},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fauditing-unused-preloads\u002F","Auditing Unused Preloads"," — the same discipline for preload.",[44,1056,1057,1061],{},[30,1058,1060],{"href":1059},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fbuilding-an-image-cdn-pipeline-for-static-sites\u002F","Building an Image CDN Pipeline for Static Sites"," — the origin most worth preconnecting.",[44,1063,1064,1068],{},[30,1065,1067],{"href":1066},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fself-hosting-analytics-to-cut-third-party-requests\u002F","Self-Hosting Analytics to Cut Third-Party Requests"," — removing an origin instead of hinting it.",[44,1070,1071,1075],{},[30,1072,1074],{"href":1073},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Freducing-lcp-from-hero-images-on-static-sites\u002F","Reducing LCP from Hero Images on Static Sites"," — the rest of the hero-image work.",[1077,1078,1079],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s9eBZ, html code.shiki .s9eBZ{--shiki-default:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, 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