[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1883},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fgithub-actions-for-automated-ssg-builds\u002Fbuilding-astro-sites-with-github-actions":3,"all-docs-nav":1343},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1319,"dateModified":1329,"datePublished":1329,"description":1330,"extension":1331,"faq":1332,"meta":1337,"navigation":289,"path":1338,"seo":1339,"slug":12,"stem":1340,"type":1341,"__hash__":1342},"content\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fgithub-actions-for-automated-ssg-builds\u002Fbuilding-astro-sites-with-github-actions\u002Findex.md","Building Astro Sites with GitHub Actions",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1298},"minimark",[9,13,22,35,40,65,69,76,215,219,608,611,668,672,679,757,764,768,777,788,792,795,810,825,829,840,844,997,1010,1027,1031,1041,1140,1152,1156,1162,1166,1206,1210,1225,1229,1234,1237,1241,1244,1248,1251,1255,1258,1262,1294],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"building-astro-sites-with-github-actions",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"Astro builds static sites quickly on a laptop, but a naive CI workflow can take ten minutes: a fresh ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"npm install"," every run, every image re-encoded from scratch, and no feedback until the whole build finishes. A well-structured GitHub Actions workflow builds the same site in a fraction of the time, catches type errors before the build, produces an artifact that previews and deploys share, and keeps deployment credentials away from pull requests.",[14,23,24,25,28,29,34],{},"This guide builds that workflow step by step for an Astro 5 site, with caching for dependencies and Astro's asset cache, ",[18,26,27],{},"astro check",", build artifacts, and a separate deploy job. It is part of ",[30,31,33],"a",{"href":32},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fgithub-actions-for-automated-ssg-builds\u002F","GitHub Actions for Automated SSG Builds",".",[36,37,39],"h2",{"id":38},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[41,42,43,47,62],"ul",{},[44,45,46],"li",{},"An Astro 4 or 5 project in a GitHub repository.",[44,48,49,50,53,54,57,58,61],{},"A lockfile committed (",[18,51,52],{},"package-lock.json",", ",[18,55,56],{},"pnpm-lock.yaml"," or ",[18,59,60],{},"yarn.lock",").",[44,63,64],{},"A deploy target and its credentials — Cloudflare, Netlify, Vercel, S3 or GitHub Pages.",[36,66,68],{"id":67},"the-shape-of-the-workflow","The Shape of the Workflow",[14,70,71,72,75],{},"Two jobs, one artifact. The build job runs on pull requests and pushes; the deploy job runs only on ",[18,73,74],{},"main"," and consumes the build's output.",[77,78,79,211],"figure",{},[80,81,88,89,88,93,88,97,88,104,88,122],"svg",{"viewBox":82,"role":83,"ariaLabelledBy":84,"xmlns":87},"0 0 760 260","img",[85,86],"bag-shape-title","bag-shape-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[90,91,92],"title",{"id":85},"Build and deploy jobs for an Astro site",[94,95,96],"desc",{"id":86},"The build job checks out the code, sets up Node with the npm cache, restores the Astro cache, installs dependencies, runs astro check and astro build, and uploads the dist folder as an artifact. The deploy job runs only on main, downloads the artifact and deploys it using secrets from a protected environment.",[98,99],"rect",{"x":100,"y":100,"width":101,"height":102,"fill":103},"0","760","260","#ffffff",[105,106,107,108,88],"defs",{},"\n    ",[109,110,117],"marker",{"id":111,"viewBox":112,"refX":113,"refY":114,"markerWidth":115,"markerHeight":115,"orient":116},"bag-shape-arrow","0 0 10 10","9","5","7","auto-start-reverse",[118,119],"path",{"d":120,"fill":121},"M0,0 L10,5 L0,10 z","#556071",[123,124,107,126,107,134,107,143,107,149,107,154,107,158,107,162,107,166,107,170,107,173,107,176,107,181,107,188,107,192,107,197,107,201,107,205,88],"g",{"style":125},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px",[127,128,133],"text",{"x":129,"y":130,"fill":131,"style":132},"380","26","#1f2937","font-size:16px;font-weight:700;text-anchor:middle","One build, one artifact, one gated deploy",[98,135],{"x":136,"y":137,"width":138,"height":139,"rx":140,"fill":141,"style":142,"stroke":141},"20","46","430","190","8","#166a9e","fill-opacity:0.06",[127,144,148],{"x":145,"y":146,"fill":141,"style":147},"235","68","font-weight:700;text-anchor:middle","build · every PR and push",[127,150,153],{"x":151,"y":152,"fill":131},"40","96","1. checkout",[127,155,157],{"x":151,"y":156,"fill":131},"118","2. setup-node (npm cache)",[127,159,161],{"x":151,"y":160,"fill":131},"140","3. restore node_modules\u002F.astro",[127,163,165],{"x":151,"y":164,"fill":131},"162","4. npm ci",[127,167,169],{"x":168,"y":152,"fill":131},"250","5. astro check",[127,171,172],{"x":168,"y":156,"fill":131},"6. astro build",[127,174,175],{"x":168,"y":160,"fill":131},"7. upload dist artifact",[127,177,180],{"x":151,"y":178,"fill":121,"style":179},"212","font-size:11px","permissions: contents read · no deploy secrets",[98,182],{"x":183,"y":184,"width":168,"height":185,"rx":140,"fill":186,"style":187,"stroke":186},"490","86","110","#3f6410","fill-opacity:0.08",[127,189,191],{"x":190,"y":185,"fill":186,"style":147},"615","deploy · main only",[127,193,196],{"x":194,"y":195,"fill":131},"506","138","download artifact",[127,198,200],{"x":194,"y":199,"fill":131},"160","deploy with env secrets",[127,202,204],{"x":194,"y":203,"fill":121,"style":179},"182","environment: production",[206,207],"line",{"x1":208,"y1":160,"x2":209,"y2":160,"stroke":121,"style":210},"450","486","stroke-width:1.5px;marker-end:url(#bag-shape-arrow)",[212,213,214],"figcaption",{},"The deploy job never builds; it ships exactly what the build job tested.",[36,216,218],{"id":217},"the-build-job","The Build Job",[220,221,226],"pre",{"className":222,"code":223,"language":224,"meta":225,"style":225},"language-yaml shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","name: Site\non:\n  pull_request:\n  push:\n    branches: [main]\n\nconcurrency:\n  group: site-${{ github.ref }}\n  cancel-in-progress: true\n\njobs:\n  build:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n    permissions:\n      contents: read\n    steps:\n      - uses: actions\u002Fcheckout@v4\n\n      - uses: actions\u002Fsetup-node@v4\n        with:\n          node-version-file: .nvmrc\n          cache: npm\n\n      - uses: actions\u002Fcache@v4\n        with:\n          path: node_modules\u002F.astro\n          key: astro-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('package-lock.json', 'astro.config.*') }}-${{ github.sha }}\n          restore-keys: |\n            astro-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('package-lock.json', 'astro.config.*') }}-\n            astro-${{ runner.os }}-\n\n      - run: npm ci\n      - run: npx astro check\n      - run: npm run build\n\n      - uses: actions\u002Fupload-artifact@v4\n        with:\n          name: dist\n          path: dist\n          retention-days: 7\n","yaml","",[18,227,228,244,254,262,270,284,291,299,310,321,326,334,342,353,361,372,380,394,399,411,419,430,441,446,458,465,476,487,499,505,511,516,529,541,553,558,570,577,588,597],{"__ignoreMap":225},[229,230,232,236,240],"span",{"class":206,"line":231},1,[229,233,235],{"class":234},"s9eBZ","name",[229,237,239],{"class":238},"sVt8B",": ",[229,241,243],{"class":242},"sZZnC","Site\n",[229,245,247,251],{"class":206,"line":246},2,[229,248,250],{"class":249},"sj4cs","on",[229,252,253],{"class":238},":\n",[229,255,257,260],{"class":206,"line":256},3,[229,258,259],{"class":234},"  pull_request",[229,261,253],{"class":238},[229,263,265,268],{"class":206,"line":264},4,[229,266,267],{"class":234},"  push",[229,269,253],{"class":238},[229,271,273,276,279,281],{"class":206,"line":272},5,[229,274,275],{"class":234},"    branches",[229,277,278],{"class":238},": [",[229,280,74],{"class":242},[229,282,283],{"class":238},"]\n",[229,285,287],{"class":206,"line":286},6,[229,288,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":289},true,"\n",[229,292,294,297],{"class":206,"line":293},7,[229,295,296],{"class":234},"concurrency",[229,298,253],{"class":238},[229,300,302,305,307],{"class":206,"line":301},8,[229,303,304],{"class":234},"  group",[229,306,239],{"class":238},[229,308,309],{"class":242},"site-${{ github.ref }}\n",[229,311,313,316,318],{"class":206,"line":312},9,[229,314,315],{"class":234},"  cancel-in-progress",[229,317,239],{"class":238},[229,319,320],{"class":249},"true\n",[229,322,324],{"class":206,"line":323},10,[229,325,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":289},[229,327,329,332],{"class":206,"line":328},11,[229,330,331],{"class":234},"jobs",[229,333,253],{"class":238},[229,335,337,340],{"class":206,"line":336},12,[229,338,339],{"class":234},"  build",[229,341,253],{"class":238},[229,343,345,348,350],{"class":206,"line":344},13,[229,346,347],{"class":234},"    runs-on",[229,349,239],{"class":238},[229,351,352],{"class":242},"ubuntu-latest\n",[229,354,356,359],{"class":206,"line":355},14,[229,357,358],{"class":234},"    permissions",[229,360,253],{"class":238},[229,362,364,367,369],{"class":206,"line":363},15,[229,365,366],{"class":234},"      contents",[229,368,239],{"class":238},[229,370,371],{"class":242},"read\n",[229,373,375,378],{"class":206,"line":374},16,[229,376,377],{"class":234},"    steps",[229,379,253],{"class":238},[229,381,383,386,389,391],{"class":206,"line":382},17,[229,384,385],{"class":238},"      - ",[229,387,388],{"class":234},"uses",[229,390,239],{"class":238},[229,392,393],{"class":242},"actions\u002Fcheckout@v4\n",[229,395,397],{"class":206,"line":396},18,[229,398,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":289},[229,400,402,404,406,408],{"class":206,"line":401},19,[229,403,385],{"class":238},[229,405,388],{"class":234},[229,407,239],{"class":238},[229,409,410],{"class":242},"actions\u002Fsetup-node@v4\n",[229,412,414,417],{"class":206,"line":413},20,[229,415,416],{"class":234},"        with",[229,418,253],{"class":238},[229,420,422,425,427],{"class":206,"line":421},21,[229,423,424],{"class":234},"          node-version-file",[229,426,239],{"class":238},[229,428,429],{"class":242},".nvmrc\n",[229,431,433,436,438],{"class":206,"line":432},22,[229,434,435],{"class":234},"          cache",[229,437,239],{"class":238},[229,439,440],{"class":242},"npm\n",[229,442,444],{"class":206,"line":443},23,[229,445,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":289},[229,447,449,451,453,455],{"class":206,"line":448},24,[229,450,385],{"class":238},[229,452,388],{"class":234},[229,454,239],{"class":238},[229,456,457],{"class":242},"actions\u002Fcache@v4\n",[229,459,461,463],{"class":206,"line":460},25,[229,462,416],{"class":234},[229,464,253],{"class":238},[229,466,468,471,473],{"class":206,"line":467},26,[229,469,470],{"class":234},"          path",[229,472,239],{"class":238},[229,474,475],{"class":242},"node_modules\u002F.astro\n",[229,477,479,482,484],{"class":206,"line":478},27,[229,480,481],{"class":234},"          key",[229,483,239],{"class":238},[229,485,486],{"class":242},"astro-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('package-lock.json', 'astro.config.*') }}-${{ github.sha }}\n",[229,488,490,493,495],{"class":206,"line":489},28,[229,491,492],{"class":234},"          restore-keys",[229,494,239],{"class":238},[229,496,498],{"class":497},"szBVR","|\n",[229,500,502],{"class":206,"line":501},29,[229,503,504],{"class":242},"            astro-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('package-lock.json', 'astro.config.*') }}-\n",[229,506,508],{"class":206,"line":507},30,[229,509,510],{"class":242},"            astro-${{ runner.os }}-\n",[229,512,514],{"class":206,"line":513},31,[229,515,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":289},[229,517,519,521,524,526],{"class":206,"line":518},32,[229,520,385],{"class":238},[229,522,523],{"class":234},"run",[229,525,239],{"class":238},[229,527,528],{"class":242},"npm ci\n",[229,530,532,534,536,538],{"class":206,"line":531},33,[229,533,385],{"class":238},[229,535,523],{"class":234},[229,537,239],{"class":238},[229,539,540],{"class":242},"npx astro check\n",[229,542,544,546,548,550],{"class":206,"line":543},34,[229,545,385],{"class":238},[229,547,523],{"class":234},[229,549,239],{"class":238},[229,551,552],{"class":242},"npm run build\n",[229,554,556],{"class":206,"line":555},35,[229,557,290],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":289},[229,559,561,563,565,567],{"class":206,"line":560},36,[229,562,385],{"class":238},[229,564,388],{"class":234},[229,566,239],{"class":238},[229,568,569],{"class":242},"actions\u002Fupload-artifact@v4\n",[229,571,573,575],{"class":206,"line":572},37,[229,574,416],{"class":234},[229,576,253],{"class":238},[229,578,580,583,585],{"class":206,"line":579},38,[229,581,582],{"class":234},"          name",[229,584,239],{"class":238},[229,586,587],{"class":242},"dist\n",[229,589,591,593,595],{"class":206,"line":590},39,[229,592,470],{"class":234},[229,594,239],{"class":238},[229,596,587],{"class":242},[229,598,600,603,605],{"class":206,"line":599},40,[229,601,602],{"class":234},"          retention-days",[229,604,239],{"class":238},[229,606,607],{"class":249},"7\n",[14,609,610],{},"A few details matter:",[41,612,613,625,637,658],{},[44,614,615,624],{},[616,617,618,620,621],"strong",{},[18,619,296],{}," with ",[18,622,623],{},"cancel-in-progress"," stops superseded runs when someone pushes twice in quick succession, which saves minutes and avoids deploying an older commit after a newer one.",[44,626,627,632,633,636],{},[616,628,629],{},[18,630,631],{},"node-version-file"," reads the Node version from ",[18,634,635],{},".nvmrc",", so CI and local development match.",[44,638,639,644,645,648,649,652,653,657],{},[616,640,641],{},[18,642,643],{},"cache: npm"," caches npm's download cache, not ",[18,646,647],{},"node_modules",", which is the approach npm recommends with ",[18,650,651],{},"npm ci",". See ",[30,654,656],{"href":655},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fgithub-actions-for-automated-ssg-builds\u002Fcaching-node-modules-in-github-actions-for-faster-ssg-builds\u002F","Caching node_modules in GitHub Actions"," for the trade-offs.",[44,659,660,663,664,667],{},[616,661,662],{},"The Astro cache key"," includes the commit SHA so every run saves a fresh cache, while ",[18,665,666],{},"restore-keys"," restore the most recent one for the same dependencies and config.",[36,669,671],{"id":670},"why-the-astro-cache-matters","Why the Astro Cache Matters",[14,673,674,675,678],{},"Astro stores optimised images and content layer data in ",[18,676,677],{},"node_modules\u002F.astro",". On a site with many images, encoding them is by far the slowest part of the build, and without the cache every CI run re-encodes every image even if none changed.",[77,680,681,754],{},[80,682,88,687,88,690,88,693,88,695],{"viewBox":683,"role":83,"ariaLabelledBy":684,"xmlns":87},"0 0 760 250",[685,686],"bag-time-title","bag-time-desc",[90,688,689],{"id":685},"Workflow duration with and without caches",[94,691,692],{"id":686},"For a 1,800-page Astro site with 2,600 images: no caches takes 9 minutes 20 seconds; npm cache only takes 8 minutes 10 seconds; npm and Astro caches take 2 minutes 5 seconds.",[98,694],{"x":100,"y":100,"width":101,"height":168,"fill":103},[123,696,107,697,107,701,107,706,107,713,107,719,107,724,107,730,107,735,107,740,107,744,107,749,88],{"style":125},[127,698,700],{"x":129,"y":699,"fill":131,"style":132},"28","Build job duration, 1,800 pages, 2,600 images",[127,702,705],{"x":703,"y":704,"fill":131},"167","74","no caches",[98,707],{"x":708,"y":709,"width":710,"height":136,"fill":711,"style":712},"230","62","440","#d83b41","fill-opacity:0.45",[127,714,718],{"x":715,"y":716,"fill":131,"style":717},"662","77","text-anchor:end","9:20",[127,720,723],{"x":721,"y":722,"fill":131},"139","124","npm cache only",[98,725],{"x":708,"y":726,"width":727,"height":136,"fill":728,"style":729},"112","385","#8a6d0f","fill-opacity:0.4",[127,731,734],{"x":732,"y":733,"fill":131,"style":717},"607","127","8:10",[127,736,739],{"x":737,"y":738,"fill":131},"122","174","npm + Astro cache",[98,741],{"x":708,"y":164,"width":742,"height":136,"fill":186,"style":743},"98","fill-opacity:0.55",[127,745,748],{"x":746,"y":747,"fill":131},"336","177","2:05",[127,750,753],{"x":129,"y":751,"fill":121,"style":752},"222","font-size:11px;text-anchor:middle","ubuntu-latest runner; typical content-only pull request",[212,755,756],{},"Dependency caching saves a minute; the Astro asset cache saves seven.",[14,758,759,760,34],{},"If you use the content layer with remote loaders — a headless CMS, for example — the same cache holds the loaded data and digest, so unchanged entries are not re-fetched or re-rendered. More on this in ",[30,761,763],{"href":762},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fincremental-builds-and-build-caching-for-ssgs\u002Fincremental-builds-in-astro-with-the-content-layer\u002F","Incremental Builds in Astro with the Content Layer",[36,765,767],{"id":766},"running-astro-check","Running astro check",[14,769,770,772,773,776],{},[18,771,27],{}," type-checks ",[18,774,775],{},".astro"," components, TypeScript files and content collection schemas. A frontmatter field with the wrong type, a missing required prop or a typo in a collection name fails here with a clear message, rather than as an obscure build error or, worse, a page that builds with missing data. Running it as its own step makes the failure visible in the job summary.",[14,778,779,780,783,784,787],{},"Install ",[18,781,782],{},"@astrojs\u002Fcheck"," and ",[18,785,786],{},"typescript"," as dev dependencies so the command does not prompt in CI.",[36,789,791],{"id":790},"build-time-secrets-and-environment-variables","Build-Time Secrets and Environment Variables",[14,793,794],{},"Some builds need credentials of their own: a headless CMS token for the content layer, an API key for a search index, or a site URL that differs between preview and production. Treat these differently from deploy credentials.",[14,796,797,798,801,802,805,806,809],{},"Read-only content tokens can be stored as repository secrets and passed to the build step with ",[18,799,800],{},"env:",". They are still unavailable to pull requests from forks, which is usually what you want; for fork contributions, build against a public preview API or skip the remote content. Values that are not secret, such as ",[18,803,804],{},"SITE_URL"," or a feature flag, belong in repository variables (",[18,807,808],{},"vars.SITE_URL",") so they are visible in logs and easy to change.",[14,811,812,813,816,817,820,821,824],{},"Astro exposes variables prefixed with ",[18,814,815],{},"PUBLIC_"," to client code, so never give a secret that prefix. Astro 5's ",[18,818,819],{},"astro:env"," schema lets you declare which variables are server-only, client-visible or secret, and fails the build if a required one is missing — a clearer error than an empty page. Declare the schema in ",[18,822,823],{},"astro.config.mjs"," and the CI step fails fast when a secret was not configured for a new environment.",[36,826,828],{"id":827},"debugging-a-slow-build","Debugging a Slow Build",[14,830,831,832,835,836,839],{},"When a build suddenly gets slower, check the cache step's log first: \"Cache not found\" or a restore from an older key usually explains it. Then add ",[18,833,834],{},"--verbose"," to ",[18,837,838],{},"astro build"," for one run to see per-page and per-image timings, and compare the job's step durations with a previous run in the Actions UI.",[36,841,843],{"id":842},"the-deploy-job","The Deploy Job",[220,845,847],{"className":222,"code":846,"language":224,"meta":225,"style":225},"  deploy:\n    needs: build\n    if: github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs\u002Fheads\u002Fmain'\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n    environment: production\n    permissions:\n      contents: read\n      deployments: write\n    steps:\n      - uses: actions\u002Fdownload-artifact@v4\n        with: { name: dist, path: dist }\n      - uses: cloudflare\u002Fwrangler-action@v3\n        with:\n          apiToken: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}\n          command: deploy\n",[18,848,849,856,866,876,884,894,900,908,918,924,935,960,971,977,987],{"__ignoreMap":225},[229,850,851,854],{"class":206,"line":231},[229,852,853],{"class":234},"  deploy",[229,855,253],{"class":238},[229,857,858,861,863],{"class":206,"line":246},[229,859,860],{"class":234},"    needs",[229,862,239],{"class":238},[229,864,865],{"class":242},"build\n",[229,867,868,871,873],{"class":206,"line":256},[229,869,870],{"class":234},"    if",[229,872,239],{"class":238},[229,874,875],{"class":242},"github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs\u002Fheads\u002Fmain'\n",[229,877,878,880,882],{"class":206,"line":264},[229,879,347],{"class":234},[229,881,239],{"class":238},[229,883,352],{"class":242},[229,885,886,889,891],{"class":206,"line":272},[229,887,888],{"class":234},"    environment",[229,890,239],{"class":238},[229,892,893],{"class":242},"production\n",[229,895,896,898],{"class":206,"line":286},[229,897,358],{"class":234},[229,899,253],{"class":238},[229,901,902,904,906],{"class":206,"line":293},[229,903,366],{"class":234},[229,905,239],{"class":238},[229,907,371],{"class":242},[229,909,910,913,915],{"class":206,"line":301},[229,911,912],{"class":234},"      deployments",[229,914,239],{"class":238},[229,916,917],{"class":242},"write\n",[229,919,920,922],{"class":206,"line":312},[229,921,377],{"class":234},[229,923,253],{"class":238},[229,925,926,928,930,932],{"class":206,"line":323},[229,927,385],{"class":238},[229,929,388],{"class":234},[229,931,239],{"class":238},[229,933,934],{"class":242},"actions\u002Fdownload-artifact@v4\n",[229,936,937,939,942,944,946,949,951,953,955,957],{"class":206,"line":328},[229,938,416],{"class":234},[229,940,941],{"class":238},": { ",[229,943,235],{"class":234},[229,945,239],{"class":238},[229,947,948],{"class":242},"dist",[229,950,53],{"class":238},[229,952,118],{"class":234},[229,954,239],{"class":238},[229,956,948],{"class":242},[229,958,959],{"class":238}," }\n",[229,961,962,964,966,968],{"class":206,"line":336},[229,963,385],{"class":238},[229,965,388],{"class":234},[229,967,239],{"class":238},[229,969,970],{"class":242},"cloudflare\u002Fwrangler-action@v3\n",[229,972,973,975],{"class":206,"line":344},[229,974,416],{"class":234},[229,976,253],{"class":238},[229,978,979,982,984],{"class":206,"line":355},[229,980,981],{"class":234},"          apiToken",[229,983,239],{"class":238},[229,985,986],{"class":242},"${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}\n",[229,988,989,992,994],{"class":206,"line":363},[229,990,991],{"class":234},"          command",[229,993,239],{"class":238},[229,995,996],{"class":242},"deploy\n",[14,998,999,1000,1002,1003,1005,1006,34],{},"The ",[18,1001,204],{}," line is the security boundary. Secrets stored in the environment are only available to jobs that reference it, and environment protection rules can require a reviewer or limit deployments to ",[18,1004,74],{},". Pull requests from forks never receive them. For cloud providers that support it, replace the long-lived token with OIDC; see ",[30,1007,1009],{"href":1008},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fsecurity-headers-for-static-sites\u002Fsecuring-deploy-credentials-with-github-oidc\u002F","Securing Deploy Credentials with GitHub OIDC",[14,1011,1012,1013,53,1016,53,1019,1022,1023,34],{},"Swap the deploy step for your host: ",[18,1014,1015],{},"netlify deploy --prod --dir dist",[18,1017,1018],{},"vercel deploy --prebuilt --prod",[18,1020,1021],{},"aws s3 sync dist s3:\u002F\u002Fbucket --delete",", or the GitHub Pages actions described in ",[30,1024,1026],{"href":1025},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fgithub-actions-for-automated-ssg-builds\u002Fdeploying-to-github-pages-with-actions\u002F","Deploying to GitHub Pages with Actions",[36,1028,1030],{"id":1029},"adding-checks-without-slowing-the-build","Adding Checks Without Slowing the Build",[14,1032,1033,1034,1036,1037,1040],{},"Once the build artifact exists, other jobs can consume it in parallel instead of rebuilding: a link check, a Lighthouse CI run, a bundle size report. Each downloads ",[18,1035,948],{}," and runs its check, and the deploy job can list them in ",[18,1038,1039],{},"needs"," so a failure blocks deployment.",[77,1042,1043,1137],{},[80,1044,88,1049,88,1052,88,1055,88,1058,88,1065],{"viewBox":1045,"role":83,"ariaLabelledBy":1046,"xmlns":87},"0 0 760 240",[1047,1048],"bag-fan-title","bag-fan-desc",[90,1050,1051],{"id":1047},"Parallel check jobs sharing one build artifact",[94,1053,1054],{"id":1048},"The build job produces a dist artifact. Three jobs run in parallel from it: link check, Lighthouse CI and bundle size. The deploy job needs all three to pass.",[98,1056],{"x":100,"y":100,"width":101,"height":1057,"fill":103},"240",[105,1059,107,1060,88],{},[109,1061,1063],{"id":1062,"viewBox":112,"refX":113,"refY":114,"markerWidth":115,"markerHeight":115,"orient":116},"bag-fan-arrow",[118,1064],{"d":120,"fill":121},[123,1066,107,1067,107,1070,107,1076,107,1080,107,1086,107,1091,107,1094,107,1097,107,1100,107,1104,107,1107,107,1111,107,1118,107,1120,107,1124,107,1129,107,1131,107,1133,88],{"style":125},[127,1068,1069],{"x":129,"y":130,"fill":131,"style":132},"Build once, check in parallel",[98,1071],{"x":1072,"y":1073,"width":160,"height":1074,"rx":140,"fill":141,"style":1075,"stroke":141},"30","100","44","fill-opacity:0.12",[127,1077,1079],{"x":1073,"y":733,"fill":131,"style":1078},"text-anchor:middle","build → dist",[98,1081],{"x":1082,"y":137,"width":1083,"height":151,"rx":140,"fill":1084,"style":1085,"stroke":1084},"280","180","#6a4c93","fill-opacity:0.1",[127,1087,1090],{"x":1088,"y":1089,"fill":131,"style":1078},"370","71","link check",[98,1092],{"x":1082,"y":1093,"width":1083,"height":151,"rx":140,"fill":1084,"style":1085,"stroke":1084},"102",[127,1095,1096],{"x":1088,"y":733,"fill":131,"style":1078},"Lighthouse CI",[98,1098],{"x":1082,"y":1099,"width":1083,"height":151,"rx":140,"fill":1084,"style":1085,"stroke":1084},"158",[127,1101,1103],{"x":1088,"y":1102,"fill":131,"style":1078},"183","bundle size",[98,1105],{"x":1106,"y":1073,"width":199,"height":1074,"rx":140,"fill":186,"style":1075,"stroke":186},"570",[127,1108,1110],{"x":1109,"y":733,"fill":131,"style":1078},"650","deploy (main)",[206,1112],{"x1":1113,"y1":1114,"x2":1115,"y2":1116,"stroke":121,"style":1117},"170","115","276","70","stroke-width:1.5px;marker-end:url(#bag-fan-arrow)",[206,1119],{"x1":1113,"y1":737,"x2":1115,"y2":737,"stroke":121,"style":1117},[206,1121],{"x1":1113,"y1":1122,"x2":1115,"y2":1123,"stroke":121,"style":1117},"130","176",[206,1125],{"x1":1126,"y1":1116,"x2":1127,"y2":1128,"stroke":121,"style":1117},"460","566","114",[206,1130],{"x1":1126,"y1":737,"x2":1127,"y2":737,"stroke":121,"style":1117},[206,1132],{"x1":1126,"y1":1123,"x2":1127,"y2":1122,"stroke":121,"style":1117},[127,1134,1136],{"x":129,"y":1135,"fill":121,"style":752},"228","total time ≈ build + slowest check, not the sum of all checks",[212,1138,1139],{},"Checks add parallel width, not sequential length.",[14,1141,1142,1143,783,1147,1151],{},"See ",[30,1144,1146],{"href":1145},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcontent-workflows-for-documentation-teams\u002Fchecking-links-in-pull-requests\u002F","Checking Links in Pull Requests",[30,1148,1150],{"href":1149},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fsetting-up-lighthouse-ci-for-a-static-site\u002F","Setting Up Lighthouse CI for a Static Site"," for the individual checks.",[36,1153,1155],{"id":1154},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[14,1157,1158,1159,1161],{},"A 1,800-page Astro documentation site with 2,600 images moved from a single job that installed, built and deployed on every push to the structure above. Typical pull request builds fell from 9 minutes 20 seconds to 2 minutes 5 seconds, almost entirely from restoring the Astro cache. ",[18,1160,27],{}," caught 14 content schema errors in the first month that previously produced pages with empty fields, and deploy credentials were removed from every job except the production deploy.",[36,1163,1165],{"id":1164},"pitfalls-rollback","Pitfalls & Rollback",[41,1167,1168,1182,1188,1194,1200],{},[44,1169,1170,1178,1179,1181],{},[616,1171,1172,1173,1175,1176,34],{},"Caching ",[18,1174,647],{}," directly with ",[18,1177,651],{}," ",[18,1180,651],{}," deletes it anyway; cache the npm cache instead.",[44,1183,1184,1187],{},[616,1185,1186],{},"A static Astro cache key."," A key without the SHA is saved once and never updated; include the SHA and use restore keys.",[44,1189,1190,1193],{},[616,1191,1192],{},"Deploying from the build job."," Secrets then reach pull request runs; keep deploy separate.",[44,1195,1196,1199],{},[616,1197,1198],{},"Unpinned Node."," A runner image update can change Node's version under you; pin it.",[44,1201,1202,1205],{},[616,1203,1204],{},"Rollback:"," the previous workflow file is in Git history; revert it in one commit.",[36,1207,1209],{"id":1208},"conclusion","Conclusion",[14,1211,1212,1213,1215,1216,1218,1219,1221,1222,1224],{},"A good Astro workflow builds once, checks the result in parallel and deploys exactly what was tested. Pin Node, cache npm's downloads and Astro's ",[18,1214,677],{}," directory, run ",[18,1217,27],{}," before the build, upload ",[18,1220,948],{}," as an artifact, and deploy from a separate job gated to ",[18,1223,74],{}," and a protected environment. Most sites see builds drop to a couple of minutes and deploy secrets disappear from pull requests.",[36,1226,1228],{"id":1227},"faq","FAQ",[1230,1231,1233],"h3",{"id":1232},"what-should-an-astro-ci-workflow-cache","What should an Astro CI workflow cache?",[14,1235,1236],{},"The package manager cache through actions\u002Fsetup-node, and Astro's own cache directory, node_modules\u002F.astro, which stores optimised images and content layer data. Restoring the Astro cache avoids re-encoding every image on each build, which is often the slowest step.",[1230,1238,1240],{"id":1239},"should-i-run-astro-check-in-ci","Should I run astro check in CI?",[14,1242,1243],{},"Yes. astro check type-checks .astro files, content collection schemas and TypeScript, catching errors that a build may not. Run it as a separate step before the build so failures are reported clearly.",[1230,1245,1247],{"id":1246},"how-do-i-keep-deploy-credentials-away-from-pull-requests","How do I keep deploy credentials away from pull requests?",[14,1249,1250],{},"Split the workflow into a build job that runs on every pull request with read-only permissions, and a deploy job that runs only on pushes to main, in a protected environment that holds the secrets. Pull requests from forks never receive those secrets.",[1230,1252,1254],{"id":1253},"which-nodejs-version-should-i-use-for-astro-builds","Which Node.js version should I use for Astro builds?",[14,1256,1257],{},"The version Astro's current major release supports, pinned in a .nvmrc or package.json engines field and read by actions\u002Fsetup-node with node-version-file. Pinning keeps CI and local builds identical and makes upgrades deliberate.",[36,1259,1261],{"id":1260},"related","Related",[41,1263,1264,1272,1277,1282,1287],{},[44,1265,1266,1178,1269,1271],{},[616,1267,1268],{},"Parent:",[30,1270,33],{"href":32}," — every workflow pattern.",[44,1273,1274,1276],{},[30,1275,656],{"href":655}," — dependency caching in depth.",[44,1278,1279,1281],{},[30,1280,1026],{"href":1025}," — one deploy target.",[44,1283,1284,1286],{},[30,1285,763],{"href":762}," — what the cache stores.",[44,1288,1289,1293],{},[30,1290,1292],{"href":1291},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fgithub-actions-for-automated-ssg-builds\u002Fdeploying-to-multiple-environments-from-one-workflow\u002F","Deploying to Multiple Environments From One Workflow"," — staging and production.",[1295,1296,1297],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .s9eBZ, html code.shiki .s9eBZ{--shiki-default:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":225,"searchDepth":246,"depth":246,"links":1299},[1300,1301,1302,1303,1304,1305,1306,1307,1308,1309,1310,1311,1312,1318],{"id":38,"depth":246,"text":39},{"id":67,"depth":246,"text":68},{"id":217,"depth":246,"text":218},{"id":670,"depth":246,"text":671},{"id":766,"depth":246,"text":767},{"id":790,"depth":246,"text":791},{"id":827,"depth":246,"text":828},{"id":842,"depth":246,"text":843},{"id":1029,"depth":246,"text":1030},{"id":1154,"depth":246,"text":1155},{"id":1164,"depth":246,"text":1165},{"id":1208,"depth":246,"text":1209},{"id":1227,"depth":246,"text":1228,"children":1313},[1314,1315,1316,1317],{"id":1232,"depth":256,"text":1233},{"id":1239,"depth":256,"text":1240},{"id":1246,"depth":256,"text":1247},{"id":1253,"depth":256,"text":1254},{"id":1260,"depth":246,"text":1261},[1320,1323,1326,1327],{"name":1321,"item":1322},"Home","\u002F",{"name":1324,"item":1325},"Production-Ready Deployment & CI\u002FCD Workflows","\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002F",{"name":33,"item":32},{"name":5,"item":1328},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fgithub-actions-for-automated-ssg-builds\u002Fbuilding-astro-sites-with-github-actions\u002F","2026-09-18","A production GitHub Actions workflow for Astro: pinned Node, dependency and image caches, astro check, build artifacts and a deploy job that only runs on main.","md",[1333,1334,1335,1336],{"q":1233,"a":1236},{"q":1240,"a":1243},{"q":1247,"a":1250},{"q":1254,"a":1257},{},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fgithub-actions-for-automated-ssg-builds\u002Fbuilding-astro-sites-with-github-actions",{"title":5,"description":1330},"production-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fgithub-actions-for-automated-ssg-builds\u002Fbuilding-astro-sites-with-github-actions\u002Findex","article","tr4_8iu-PMB2DfIRUzw93IBOzz6DOUn3rnmCNk57aGQ",[1344,1347,1350,1353,1356,1359,1362,1365,1368,1371,1374,1377,1380,1383,1386,1389,1392,1395,1398,1401,1404,1407,1410,1413,1416,1419,1422,1425,1428,1431,1434,1437,1440,1443,1446,1449,1452,1455,1458,1461,1464,1467,1470,1473,1476,1479,1482,1485,1488,1491,1494,1497,1500,1503,1506,1509,1512,1515,1518,1521,1524,1527,1530,1533,1536,1539,1542,1545,1548,1551,1554,1557,1560,1563,1566,1569,1572,1575,1578,1581,1584,1587,1590,1593,1596,1599,1602,1605,1608,1611,1614,1617,1620,1623,1626,1629,1632,1635,1637,1640,1643,1646,1649,1652,1655,1658,1661,1664,1667,1670,1673,1676,1679,1682,1685,1688,1691,1694,1697,1699,1702,1705,1708,1711,1714,1715,1717,1719,1721,1724,1726,1729,1732,1735,1737,1740,1743,1746,1749,1752,1755,1758,1761,1764,1767,1770,1773,1776,1779,1782,1785,1788,1791,1794,1797,1800,1803,1806,1809,1812,1815,1818,1821,1824,1827,1830,1833,1836,1838,1841,1844,1847,1850,1853,1856,1859,1862,1865,1868,1871,1874,1877,1880],{"path":1345,"title":1346},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fastro-vs-eleventy-for-documentation-sites\u002Fastro-vs-eleventy-build-times-at-10000-pages","Astro 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