[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1633},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fserving-a-static-site-with-caddy":3,"all-docs-nav":1092},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1067,"dateModified":1077,"datePublished":1077,"description":1078,"extension":1079,"faq":1080,"meta":1085,"navigation":1086,"path":1087,"seo":1088,"slug":12,"stem":1089,"type":1090,"__hash__":1091},"content\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fserving-a-static-site-with-caddy\u002Findex.md","Serving a Static Site with Caddy",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1049},"minimark",[9,13,17,31,36,58,62,72,88,259,263,270,481,492,496,520,524,531,537,563,679,686,690,693,785,873,876,880,900,904,966,970,973,977,982,985,989,992,996,999,1003,1006,1010,1045],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"serving-a-static-site-with-caddy",[14,15,16],"p",{},"Caddy is the web server that does the right thing by default. Point it at a directory and a domain name, and it fetches a TLS certificate, redirects HTTP to HTTPS, serves HTTP\u002F2 and HTTP\u002F3, and renews the certificate before it expires — all without a line of TLS configuration. For teams self-hosting a static site on a VM, that removes the two most common sources of self-hosting incidents: expired certificates and misconfigured TLS.",[14,18,19,20,25,26,30],{},"This guide builds a complete Caddyfile for a 900-page Eleventy documentation site, including clean URLs, precompressed assets, cache tiers, security headers, redirects and wildcard preview subdomains. It is part of ",[21,22,24],"a",{"href":23},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002F","Self-Hosting Static Sites on S3, Nginx and Caddy",", and the nginx equivalent is in ",[21,27,29],{"href":28},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fserving-a-static-site-with-nginx\u002F","Serving a Static Site with Nginx",".",[32,33,35],"h2",{"id":34},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[37,38,39,43,46],"ul",{},[40,41,42],"li",{},"A Linux VM with Caddy 2.8 or newer installed from the official package repository.",[40,44,45],{},"DNS for the domain pointing at the VM, and ports 80 and 443 open.",[40,47,48,49,53,54,30],{},"The site deployed to ",[50,51,52],"code",{},"\u002Fsrv\u002Fdocs\u002Fcurrent"," — for example via symlinked release directories, as in ",[21,55,57],{"href":56},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fzero-downtime-deploys-with-symlink-swaps\u002F","Zero-Downtime Deploys with Symlink Swaps",[32,59,61],{"id":60},"the-complete-caddyfile","The Complete Caddyfile",[63,64,70],"pre",{"className":65,"code":67,"language":68,"meta":69},[66],"language-text","{\n  email ops@example.com\n  servers { protocols h1 h2 h3 }\n}\n\n(security_headers) {\n  header {\n    Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains\"\n    X-Content-Type-Options \"nosniff\"\n    Referrer-Policy \"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"\n    X-Frame-Options \"DENY\"\n    Content-Security-Policy \"default-src 'self'; img-src 'self' data:; frame-ancestors 'none'\"\n    -Server\n  }\n}\n\ndocs.example.com {\n  root * \u002Fsrv\u002Fdocs\u002Fcurrent\n  import security_headers\n  encode zstd gzip\n\n  @hashed path_regexp \\.[0-9a-f]{8,}\\.(css|js|woff2|avif|webp)$\n  header @hashed Cache-Control \"public, max-age=31536000, immutable\"\n  header -@hashed Cache-Control \"public, max-age=0, must-revalidate\"\n\n  import \u002Fsrv\u002Fdocs\u002Fcurrent\u002Fredirects.caddy\n\n  @dotfiles path *\u002F.*\n  respond @dotfiles 404\n\n  try_files {path} {path}\u002Findex.html {path}.html\n  file_server {\n    precompressed br zstd gzip\n  }\n\n  handle_errors {\n    @404 expression {err.status_code} == 404\n    rewrite @404 \u002F404.html\n    file_server\n  }\n}\n","text","",[50,71,67],{"__ignoreMap":69},[14,73,74,75,78,79,82,83,87],{},"That is the whole server: about thirty lines, of which the certificate handling is zero. The ",[50,76,77],{},"-Server"," header removal drops Caddy's version banner. The ",[50,80,81],{},"header -@hashed"," form applies to every response ",[84,85,86],"em",{},"not"," matching the hashed-asset matcher, which makes the two cache tiers explicit.",[89,90,91,255],"figure",{},[92,93,100,101,100,105,100,109,100,116,100,241],"svg",{"viewBox":94,"role":95,"ariaLabelledBy":96,"xmlns":99},"0 0 760 290","img",[97,98],"cdy-req-title","cdy-req-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[102,103,104],"title",{"id":97},"How Caddy handles one request",[106,107,108],"desc",{"id":98},"An HTTPS request arrives with an automatically managed certificate. Security headers are added. The redirect map is checked. Dotfiles are rejected. try_files resolves the clean URL. file_server sends a precompressed brotli file if one exists. Hashed assets get a one-year immutable Cache-Control, HTML gets revalidation. Errors are rewritten to the 404 page with the same headers.",[110,111],"rect",{"x":112,"y":112,"width":113,"height":114,"fill":115},"0","760","290","#ffffff",[117,118,120,121,120,128,120,139,120,145,120,151,120,156,120,160,120,163,120,169,120,173,120,176,120,180,120,184,120,187,120,191,120,195,120,198,120,220,120,228,120,233,120,237,100],"g",{"style":119},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px","\n    ",[68,122,127],{"x":123,"y":124,"fill":125,"style":126},"380","28","#1f2937","font-size:16px;font-weight:700;text-anchor:middle","One request through the Caddyfile",[110,129],{"x":130,"y":131,"width":132,"height":133,"rx":134,"fill":135,"opacity":136,"stroke":137,"style":138},"20","60","130","56","8","#8ac926","0.18","#5a8a16","stroke-width:1.5px",[68,140,144],{"x":141,"y":142,"fill":125,"style":143},"85","84","font-weight:700;text-anchor:middle","TLS",[68,146,150],{"x":141,"y":147,"fill":148,"style":149},"102","#556071","font-size:11px;text-anchor:middle","auto cert, h3",[110,152],{"x":153,"y":131,"width":132,"height":133,"rx":134,"fill":154,"opacity":155,"stroke":154,"style":138},"170","#6a4c93","0.14",[68,157,159],{"x":158,"y":142,"fill":125,"style":143},"235","headers",[68,161,162],{"x":158,"y":147,"fill":148,"style":149},"security + cache",[110,164],{"x":165,"y":131,"width":132,"height":133,"rx":134,"fill":166,"opacity":167,"stroke":168,"style":138},"320","#ffca3a","0.24","#a97b00",[68,170,172],{"x":171,"y":142,"fill":125,"style":143},"385","redirects",[68,174,175],{"x":171,"y":147,"fill":148,"style":149},"imported list",[110,177],{"x":178,"y":131,"width":132,"height":133,"rx":134,"fill":179,"opacity":155,"stroke":179,"style":138},"470","#1982c4",[68,181,183],{"x":182,"y":142,"fill":125,"style":143},"535","try_files",[68,185,186],{"x":182,"y":147,"fill":148,"style":149},"clean URLs",[110,188],{"x":189,"y":131,"width":190,"height":133,"rx":134,"fill":135,"opacity":136,"stroke":137,"style":138},"620","120",[68,192,194],{"x":193,"y":142,"fill":125,"style":143},"680","file_server",[68,196,197],{"x":193,"y":147,"fill":148,"style":149},".br if present",[117,199,202,203,202,208,202,211,202,214,202,217,120],{"stroke":148,"fill":200,"style":201},"none","stroke-width:2px","\n      ",[204,205],"path",{"d":206,"style":207},"M152 88 L166 88","marker-end:url(#cdy-arrow)",[204,209],{"d":210,"style":207},"M302 88 L316 88",[204,212],{"d":213,"style":207},"M452 88 L466 88",[204,215],{"d":216,"style":207},"M602 88 L616 88",[204,218],{"d":219,"style":207},"M680 118 L680 170",[110,221],{"x":178,"y":222,"width":223,"height":224,"rx":134,"fill":225,"opacity":226,"stroke":227,"style":138},"174","270","50","#ff595e","0.1","#d83b41",[68,229,232],{"x":230,"y":231,"fill":125,"style":143},"605","196","handle_errors → \u002F404.html",[68,234,236],{"x":230,"y":235,"fill":148,"style":149},"214","same headers applied",[68,238,240],{"x":123,"y":239,"fill":148,"style":149},"262","Header directives apply to error responses too; no inheritance trap as in nginx",[242,243,120,244,100],"defs",{},[245,246,202,252,120],"marker",{"id":247,"viewBox":248,"refX":134,"refY":249,"markerWidth":250,"markerHeight":250,"orient":251},"cdy-arrow","0 0 10 10","5","7","auto-start-reverse",[204,253],{"d":254,"fill":148},"M0 0 L10 5 L0 10 z",[256,257,258],"figcaption",{},"Caddy orders directives by a fixed internal sequence, so the Caddyfile reads as a list of intentions rather than a routing program.",[32,260,262],{"id":261},"redirects-from-the-build","Redirects From the Build",[14,264,265,266,269],{},"The Caddyfile imports ",[50,267,268],{},"redirects.caddy"," from the current release, so redirects ship with the content that needs them. Generate it at build time from the same redirect source used for other hosts:",[63,271,275],{"className":272,"code":273,"language":274,"meta":69,"style":69},"language-js shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","\u002F\u002F eleventy.config.js (excerpt)\neleventyConfig.on('eleventy.after', async () => {\n  const rules = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile('redirects.json', 'utf8'));\n  const caddy = rules.map(({ from, to, status = 301 }) => `redir ${from} ${to} ${status}`).join('\\n');\n  await fs.writeFile('_site\u002Fredirects.caddy', caddy + '\\n');\n});\n","js",[50,276,277,286,320,365,444,475],{"__ignoreMap":69},[278,279,282],"span",{"class":280,"line":281},"line",1,[278,283,285],{"class":284},"sJ8bj","\u002F\u002F eleventy.config.js (excerpt)\n",[278,287,289,293,297,300,304,307,311,314,317],{"class":280,"line":288},2,[278,290,292],{"class":291},"sVt8B","eleventyConfig.",[278,294,296],{"class":295},"sScJk","on",[278,298,299],{"class":291},"(",[278,301,303],{"class":302},"sZZnC","'eleventy.after'",[278,305,306],{"class":291},", ",[278,308,310],{"class":309},"szBVR","async",[278,312,313],{"class":291}," () ",[278,315,316],{"class":309},"=>",[278,318,319],{"class":291}," {\n",[278,321,323,326,330,333,336,338,341,343,346,349,352,354,357,359,362],{"class":280,"line":322},3,[278,324,325],{"class":309},"  const",[278,327,329],{"class":328},"sj4cs"," rules",[278,331,332],{"class":309}," =",[278,334,335],{"class":328}," JSON",[278,337,30],{"class":291},[278,339,340],{"class":295},"parse",[278,342,299],{"class":291},[278,344,345],{"class":309},"await",[278,347,348],{"class":291}," fs.",[278,350,351],{"class":295},"readFile",[278,353,299],{"class":291},[278,355,356],{"class":302},"'redirects.json'",[278,358,306],{"class":291},[278,360,361],{"class":302},"'utf8'",[278,363,364],{"class":291},"));\n",[278,366,368,370,373,375,378,381,384,388,390,393,395,398,400,403,406,408,411,413,416,418,420,422,425,428,431,433,436,439,441],{"class":280,"line":367},4,[278,369,325],{"class":309},[278,371,372],{"class":328}," caddy",[278,374,332],{"class":309},[278,376,377],{"class":291}," rules.",[278,379,380],{"class":295},"map",[278,382,383],{"class":291},"(({ ",[278,385,387],{"class":386},"s4XuR","from",[278,389,306],{"class":291},[278,391,392],{"class":386},"to",[278,394,306],{"class":291},[278,396,397],{"class":386},"status",[278,399,332],{"class":309},[278,401,402],{"class":328}," 301",[278,404,405],{"class":291}," }) ",[278,407,316],{"class":309},[278,409,410],{"class":302}," `redir ${",[278,412,387],{"class":291},[278,414,415],{"class":302},"} ${",[278,417,392],{"class":291},[278,419,415],{"class":302},[278,421,397],{"class":291},[278,423,424],{"class":302},"}`",[278,426,427],{"class":291},").",[278,429,430],{"class":295},"join",[278,432,299],{"class":291},[278,434,435],{"class":302},"'",[278,437,438],{"class":328},"\\n",[278,440,435],{"class":302},[278,442,443],{"class":291},");\n",[278,445,447,450,452,455,457,460,463,466,469,471,473],{"class":280,"line":446},5,[278,448,449],{"class":309},"  await",[278,451,348],{"class":291},[278,453,454],{"class":295},"writeFile",[278,456,299],{"class":291},[278,458,459],{"class":302},"'_site\u002Fredirects.caddy'",[278,461,462],{"class":291},", caddy ",[278,464,465],{"class":309},"+",[278,467,468],{"class":302}," '",[278,470,438],{"class":328},[278,472,435],{"class":302},[278,474,443],{"class":291},[278,476,478],{"class":280,"line":477},6,[278,479,480],{"class":291},"});\n",[14,482,483,484,487,488,491],{},"Because the file is inside the release directory, switching the ",[50,485,486],{},"current"," symlink changes redirects atomically with the pages. Caddy re-reads imports only on config reload, so the deploy script runs ",[50,489,490],{},"caddy reload"," after the swap — a graceful operation that does not drop connections.",[32,493,495],{"id":494},"precompressed-files","Precompressed Files",[14,497,498,501,502,504,505,508,509,508,512,515,516,519],{},[50,499,500],{},"precompressed br zstd gzip"," tells ",[50,503,194],{}," to look for ",[50,506,507],{},"page.html.br",", then ",[50,510,511],{},".zst",[50,513,514],{},".gz"," next to the requested file, choosing the best one the browser accepts. Generate them after the build as described in the nginx guide; ",[50,517,518],{},"encode zstd gzip"," remains as a fallback for anything not precompressed. On this site, brotli level 11 produced HTML 17% smaller than Caddy's on-the-fly zstd at its default level, with no per-request CPU.",[32,521,523],{"id":522},"preview-subdomains-with-a-wildcard-certificate","Preview Subdomains With a Wildcard Certificate",[14,525,526,527,530],{},"Caddy can serve every pull-request preview from one block. With a wildcard DNS record (",[50,528,529],{},"*.preview.example.com",") and a DNS provider module for the ACME DNS challenge, one wildcard certificate covers every preview, and a placeholder maps the subdomain to a directory:",[63,532,535],{"className":533,"code":534,"language":68,"meta":69},[66],"*.preview.example.com {\n  tls { dns cloudflare {env.CF_API_TOKEN} }\n  root * \u002Fsrv\u002Fpreviews\u002F{labels.2}\n  import security_headers\n  header X-Robots-Tag \"noindex, nofollow\"\n  basic_auth { reviewer $2a$14$Zm9vYmFyYmF6cXV4… }\n  try_files {path} {path}\u002Findex.html {path}.html\n  file_server { precompressed br gzip }\n}\n",[50,536,534],{"__ignoreMap":69},[14,538,539,542,543,546,547,550,551,554,555,558,559,30],{},[50,540,541],{},"{labels.2}"," is the third label from the right — ",[50,544,545],{},"pr-482"," in ",[50,548,549],{},"pr-482.preview.example.com",". CI rsyncs each pull request's build into ",[50,552,553],{},"\u002Fsrv\u002Fpreviews\u002Fpr-482\u002F",", and the preview is live immediately with no Caddy reload. Basic auth and ",[50,556,557],{},"noindex"," keep previews private, as covered in ",[21,560,562],{"href":561},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fpreview-environments-for-pull-requests\u002Fpassword-protecting-preview-deployments\u002F","Password-Protecting Preview Deployments",[89,564,565,676],{},[92,566,100,571,100,574,100,577,100,580,100,669],{"viewBox":567,"role":95,"ariaLabelledBy":568,"xmlns":99},"0 0 760 250",[569,570],"cdy-prev-title","cdy-prev-desc",[102,572,573],{"id":569},"Mapping preview hostnames to directories",[106,575,576],{"id":570},"Three requests to pr-482, pr-490 and pr-501 under preview.example.com arrive at one Caddy site block with a single wildcard certificate. The labels.2 placeholder extracts the pull request label and maps each host to its own directory under \u002Fsrv\u002Fpreviews. No configuration change is needed per pull request.",[110,578],{"x":112,"y":112,"width":113,"height":579,"fill":115},"250",[117,581,120,582,120,585,120,594,120,599,120,602,120,606,120,609,120,612,120,618,120,622,120,626,120,631,120,634,120,636,120,639,120,641,120,644,120,665,100],{"style":119},[68,583,584],{"x":123,"y":124,"fill":125,"style":126},"One block, one certificate, any number of previews",[110,586],{"x":587,"y":133,"width":588,"height":589,"rx":590,"fill":591,"stroke":592,"style":593},"30","220","34","6","#f8fafc","#d9e2ef","stroke-width:1px",[68,595,549],{"x":596,"y":597,"fill":125,"style":598},"140","78","text-anchor:middle",[110,600],{"x":587,"y":601,"width":588,"height":589,"rx":590,"fill":591,"stroke":592,"style":593},"104",[68,603,605],{"x":596,"y":604,"fill":125,"style":598},"126","pr-490.preview.example.com",[110,607],{"x":587,"y":608,"width":588,"height":589,"rx":590,"fill":591,"stroke":592,"style":593},"152",[68,610,611],{"x":596,"y":222,"fill":125,"style":598},"pr-501.preview.example.com",[110,613],{"x":614,"y":615,"width":153,"height":616,"rx":617,"fill":154,"opacity":155,"stroke":154,"style":138},"300","88","66","10",[68,619,621],{"x":171,"y":620,"fill":125,"style":143},"114","*.preview block",[68,623,625],{"x":171,"y":624,"fill":148,"style":149},"134","wildcard cert · {labels.2}",[110,627],{"x":628,"y":133,"width":629,"height":589,"rx":590,"fill":135,"opacity":630,"stroke":137,"style":593},"520","210","0.2",[68,632,553],{"x":633,"y":597,"fill":125,"style":598},"625",[110,635],{"x":628,"y":601,"width":629,"height":589,"rx":590,"fill":135,"opacity":630,"stroke":137,"style":593},[68,637,638],{"x":633,"y":604,"fill":125,"style":598},"\u002Fsrv\u002Fpreviews\u002Fpr-490\u002F",[110,640],{"x":628,"y":608,"width":629,"height":589,"rx":590,"fill":135,"opacity":630,"stroke":137,"style":593},[68,642,643],{"x":633,"y":222,"fill":125,"style":598},"\u002Fsrv\u002Fpreviews\u002Fpr-501\u002F",[117,645,202,646,202,649,202,652,202,655,202,659,202,662,120],{"stroke":148,"fill":200,"style":138},[204,647],{"d":648},"M252 73 L296 110",[204,650],{"d":651},"M252 121 L296 121",[204,653],{"d":654},"M252 169 L296 132",[204,656],{"d":657,"style":658},"M472 110 L516 73","marker-end:url(#cdy-p-arrow)",[204,660],{"d":661,"style":658},"M472 121 L516 121",[204,663],{"d":664,"style":658},"M472 132 L516 169",[68,666,668],{"x":123,"y":667,"fill":148,"style":149},"224","A new preview is just a new directory; Caddy needs no reload",[242,670,120,671,100],{},[245,672,202,674,120],{"id":673,"viewBox":248,"refX":134,"refY":249,"markerWidth":250,"markerHeight":250,"orient":251},"cdy-p-arrow",[204,675],{"d":254,"fill":148},[256,677,678],{},"The wildcard certificate avoids one ACME request per preview, which also keeps well clear of certificate authority rate limits.",[14,680,681,682,685],{},"A request for a preview that does not exist — a closed pull request or a typo — would otherwise fall through to a 404 on an empty root. Add a ",[50,683,684],{},"@missing not file {labels.2}"," style check, or simply let the 404 page render, and make sure the cleanup job removes directories when pull requests close so disk use stays bounded; on this VM each preview was about 60 MB, and thirty open pull requests fit comfortably.",[32,687,689],{"id":688},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[14,691,692],{},"The documentation site moved from nginx with certbot to Caddy on the same 2 vCPU VM.",[694,695,696,712],"table",{},[697,698,699],"thead",{},[700,701,702,706,709],"tr",{},[703,704,705],"th",{},"Measure",[703,707,708],{},"nginx + certbot",[703,710,711],{},"Caddy",[713,714,715,726,737,748,759,774],"tbody",{},[700,716,717,721,724],{},[718,719,720],"td",{},"Configuration lines (server + TLS)",[718,722,723],{},"84 + certbot timer",[718,725,589],{},[700,727,728,731,734],{},[718,729,730],{},"Certificate renewal incidents, prior 12 months",[718,732,733],{},"2 (timer disabled after OS upgrade)",[718,735,736],{},"0 since migration",[700,738,739,742,745],{},[718,740,741],{},"Protocols",[718,743,744],{},"HTTP\u002F1.1, HTTP\u002F2",[718,746,747],{},"HTTP\u002F1.1, HTTP\u002F2, HTTP\u002F3",[700,749,750,753,756],{},[718,751,752],{},"Security headers on 404 responses",[718,754,755],{},"missing until fixed",[718,757,758],{},"present by default",[700,760,761,768,771],{},[718,762,763,764,767],{},"Requests\u002Fs, cached HTML (",[50,765,766],{},"wrk",", 64 conns)",[718,769,770],{},"14,200",[718,772,773],{},"12,900",[700,775,776,779,782],{},[718,777,778],{},"TTFB p75 behind CDN (RUM)",[718,780,781],{},"41 ms",[718,783,784],{},"40 ms",[89,786,787,870],{},[92,788,100,793,100,796,100,799,100,802],{"viewBox":789,"role":95,"ariaLabelledBy":790,"xmlns":99},"0 0 760 260",[791,792],"cdy-cmp-title","cdy-cmp-desc",[102,794,795],{"id":791},"Configuration size and operational incidents",[106,797,798],{"id":792},"Two comparisons. Configuration lines: nginx 84 plus a certbot timer, Caddy 34. Certificate incidents in a year: nginx with certbot 2, Caddy 0. Raw throughput differs by about 9 percent in nginx's favour, which is invisible behind a CDN.",[110,800],{"x":112,"y":112,"width":113,"height":801,"fill":115},"260",[117,803,120,804,120,807,120,811,120,813,120,818,120,821,120,826,120,830,120,834,120,836,120,840,120,844,120,848,120,852,120,858,120,862,120,864,120,866,100],{"style":119},[68,805,806],{"x":123,"y":124,"fill":125,"style":126},"Less configuration, fewer incidents, similar speed",[68,808,810],{"x":809,"y":131,"fill":125,"style":143},"190","config lines",[280,812],{"x1":131,"y1":629,"x2":165,"y2":629,"stroke":148,"style":138},[110,814],{"x":815,"y":142,"width":816,"height":604,"fill":179,"opacity":817,"stroke":179,"style":593},"90","80","0.25",[68,819,142],{"x":132,"y":820,"fill":125,"style":143},"76",[110,822],{"x":629,"y":823,"width":816,"height":824,"fill":135,"opacity":825,"stroke":137,"style":593},"159","51","0.35",[68,827,589],{"x":579,"y":828,"fill":829,"style":143},"151","#3f6410",[68,831,833],{"x":132,"y":832,"fill":148,"style":149},"228","nginx",[68,835,711],{"x":579,"y":832,"fill":148,"style":149},[68,837,839],{"x":838,"y":131,"fill":125,"style":143},"570","certificate incidents \u002F year",[280,841],{"x1":842,"y1":629,"x2":843,"y2":629,"stroke":148,"style":138},"440","700",[110,845],{"x":178,"y":846,"width":816,"height":847,"fill":225,"opacity":817,"stroke":227,"style":593},"110","100",[68,849,851],{"x":850,"y":147,"fill":125,"style":143},"510","2",[110,853],{"x":854,"y":855,"width":816,"height":856,"fill":135,"opacity":857,"stroke":137,"style":593},"590","206","4","0.5",[68,859,112],{"x":860,"y":861,"fill":829,"style":143},"630","198",[68,863,708],{"x":850,"y":832,"fill":148,"style":149},[68,865,711],{"x":860,"y":832,"fill":148,"style":149},[68,867,869],{"x":123,"y":868,"fill":148,"style":149},"252","Same VM, same site; throughput 12,900 vs 14,200 req\u002Fs is irrelevant behind a CDN",[256,871,872],{},"The raw-throughput difference never reached readers; the certificate incidents did, twice.",[14,874,875],{},"nginx remained about 9% faster in raw throughput on local benchmarks, which never mattered: behind a CDN, the VM served under 50 requests per second at peak. The two certificate incidents in the previous year — both caused by a renewal timer that stopped running after an OS upgrade, each producing about an hour of browser security warnings — were the actual cost of the old setup.",[32,877,879],{"id":878},"running-caddy-well","Running Caddy Well",[14,881,882,883,886,887,890,891,894,895,899],{},"A few operational habits keep a Caddy host healthy. Store Caddy's data directory (",[50,884,885],{},"\u002Fvar\u002Flib\u002Fcaddy",") on persistent disk and back it up; it holds certificates and account keys, and losing it means re-issuing every certificate, which can hit rate limits for large numbers of subdomains. Validate config before reloading with ",[50,888,889],{},"caddy validate --config \u002Fetc\u002Fcaddy\u002FCaddyfile"," in the deploy script, so a typo fails the deploy instead of the reload. Enable the structured JSON access log with ",[50,892,893],{},"log { output file \u002Fvar\u002Flog\u002Fcaddy\u002Fdocs.log { roll_size 50mb roll_keep 10 } }"," and ship it to the same place as your other logs, so the 404 and cache reports described in ",[21,896,898],{"href":897},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fmonitoring-static-sites-in-production\u002Flogging-404s-at-the-edge\u002F","Logging 404s at the Edge"," work for self-hosted sites too. And monitor certificate expiry externally anyway: automatic renewal is reliable, but an external check is what tells you if the DNS or firewall change that would break it has already happened.",[32,901,903],{"id":902},"pitfalls-rollback","Pitfalls & Rollback",[37,905,906,913,919,928,934,951,957],{},[40,907,908,912],{},[909,910,911],"strong",{},"Ports blocked by a firewall."," Automatic certificates need port 80 or 443 reachable for the ACME challenge; use the DNS challenge if they cannot be.",[40,914,915,918],{},[909,916,917],{},"Ephemeral data directory."," Certificates live in Caddy's data directory; a container without a persistent volume re-issues on every restart and can hit rate limits.",[40,920,921,927],{},[909,922,923,924,926],{},"Forgetting ",[50,925,490],{}," after a symlink swap."," File contents update immediately, but imported redirect files are read only on reload.",[40,929,930,933],{},[909,931,932],{},"Wildcard previews without auth."," Every preview is publicly reachable by guessable names unless protected.",[40,935,936,939,940,943,944,946,947,950],{},[909,937,938],{},"Matcher order assumptions."," Caddy sorts directives by its own fixed order, not by position in the file. When ",[50,941,942],{},"redir"," and ",[50,945,183],{}," interact unexpectedly, wrap related directives in a ",[50,948,949],{},"route"," block to force the written order.",[40,952,953,956],{},[909,954,955],{},"Staging certificates left on."," Testing with the ACME staging endpoint is sensible, but a config that still points at staging in production produces untrusted certificates; check the global options before go-live.",[40,958,959,962,963,965],{},[909,960,961],{},"Rollback:"," keep the Caddyfile in Git; ",[50,964,490],{}," with the previous file restores the old behaviour without dropping connections.",[32,967,969],{"id":968},"conclusion","Conclusion",[14,971,972],{},"Caddy turns self-hosting a static site into a short, readable file: automatic HTTPS, clean URLs, precompressed assets, two cache tiers, headers that apply to every response, and wildcard preview subdomains. Moving a 900-page docs site from nginx and certbot to Caddy cut configuration by 60%, added HTTP\u002F3, and ended the certificate-renewal incidents that had caused two outages in a year — at a raw-throughput cost that a CDN made invisible.",[32,974,976],{"id":975},"faq","FAQ",[978,979,981],"h3",{"id":980},"does-caddy-really-handle-tls-certificates-automatically","Does Caddy really handle TLS certificates automatically?",[14,983,984],{},"Yes. For any site address with a public domain name, Caddy obtains a certificate from Let's Encrypt or ZeroSSL on first request, renews it before expiry, and redirects HTTP to HTTPS, with no extra configuration. It needs ports 80 and 443 reachable and DNS pointing at the server.",[978,986,988],{"id":987},"can-caddy-serve-precompressed-brotli-files","Can Caddy serve precompressed brotli files?",[14,990,991],{},"Yes. The file_server directive's precompressed option serves .br, .zst or .gz siblings when the browser accepts them, falling back to the original file or to on-the-fly compression from the encode directive.",[978,993,995],{"id":994},"how-do-i-add-security-headers-to-every-response-in-caddy","How do I add security headers to every response in Caddy?",[14,997,998],{},"Use the header directive in a snippet and import it into each site block. Unlike nginx, Caddy's header directives do not disappear in nested matchers, so one import at the site level covers every response.",[978,1000,1002],{"id":1001},"is-caddy-suitable-for-high-traffic-sites","Is Caddy suitable for high-traffic sites?",[14,1004,1005],{},"For static files it serves many thousands of requests per second on a small VM. Very high-traffic sites usually put a CDN in front anyway for latency, which leaves Caddy serving mostly cache revalidations.",[32,1007,1009],{"id":1008},"related","Related",[37,1011,1012,1021,1026,1031,1038],{},[40,1013,1014,1017,1018,1020],{},[909,1015,1016],{},"Parent:"," ",[21,1019,24],{"href":23}," — choosing a self-hosting stack.",[40,1022,1023,1025],{},[21,1024,29],{"href":28}," — the same setup with more control.",[40,1027,1028,1030],{},[21,1029,57],{"href":56}," — the release layout Caddy serves.",[40,1032,1033,1037],{},[21,1034,1036],{"href":1035},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fsecurity-headers-for-static-sites\u002Fenabling-hsts-and-preload-safely\u002F","Enabling HSTS and Preload Safely"," — ramping the HSTS header in the snippet.",[40,1039,1040,1044],{},[21,1041,1043],{"href":1042},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fpreview-environments-for-pull-requests\u002Fcleaning-up-stale-preview-deployments\u002F","Cleaning Up Stale Preview Deployments"," — removing old preview directories.",[1046,1047,1048],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s4XuR, html code.shiki .s4XuR{--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki 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Workflows","\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002F",{"name":24,"item":23},{"name":5,"item":1076},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fserving-a-static-site-with-caddy\u002F","2026-09-18","Host a static site on Caddy with automatic HTTPS, clean URLs, precompressed files, cache tiers, security headers and per-pull-request preview subdomains.","md",[1081,1082,1083,1084],{"q":981,"a":984},{"q":988,"a":991},{"q":995,"a":998},{"q":1002,"a":1005},{},true,"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fserving-a-static-site-with-caddy",{"title":5,"description":1078},"production-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fserving-a-static-site-with-caddy\u002Findex","article","A4Gy2O1UCtYMOlng7vH2RrwEVEELvk7lvwbAYJbSzxQ",[1093,1096,1099,1102,1105,1108,1111,1114,1117,1120,1123,1126,1129,1132,1135,1138,1141,1144,1147,1150,1153,1156,1159,1162,1165,1168,1171,1174,1177,1180,1183,1186,1189,1192,1195,1198,1201,1204,1207,1210,1213,1216,1219,1222,1225,1228,1231,1234,1237,1240,1243,1246,1249,1252,1255,1258,1261,1264,1267,1270,1273,1276,1279,1282,1285,1288,1291,1294,1297,1300,1303,1306,1309,1312,1315,1318,1321,1324,1327,1330,1333,1336,1339,1342,1345,1348,1351,1354,1357,1360,1363,1366,1369,1372,1375,1378,1381,1384,1387,1390,1393,1396,1399,1402,1405,1408,1411,1414,1417,1420,1423,1426,1429,1432,1435,1438,1441,1444,1447,1450,1453,1456,1459,1462,1465,1468,1471,1474,1477,1480,1483,1486,1489,1492,1495,1498,1501,1504,1507,1510,1513,1516,1519,1522,1524,1527,1530,1533,1536,1539,1542,1545,1548,1550,1553,1555,1558,1561,1564,1567,1570,1573,1576,1579,1582,1584,1587,1590,1593,1596,1599,1602,1605,1608,1610,1611,1613,1615,1618,1621,1624,1627,1630],{"path":1094,"title":1095},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fastro-vs-eleventy-for-documentation-sites\u002Fastro-vs-eleventy-build-times-at-10000-pages","Astro 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VitePress",{"path":1121,"title":1122},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fdocs-frameworks-docusaurus-starlight-vitepress\u002Fmdx-vs-markdoc-for-docs-content","MDX vs Markdoc for Docs Content",{"path":1124,"title":1125},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fdocs-frameworks-docusaurus-starlight-vitepress\u002Fmigrating-from-mkdocs-to-starlight","Migrating from MkDocs to Starlight",{"path":1127,"title":1128},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fdocs-frameworks-docusaurus-starlight-vitepress\u002Fversioned-documentation-with-docusaurus","Versioned Documentation with Docusaurus",{"path":1130,"title":1131},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fdocs-frameworks-docusaurus-starlight-vitepress\u002Fvitepress-for-library-documentation","VitePress for Library 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