[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":3102},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Ftesting-static-sites-in-ci":3,"all-docs-nav":1970,"filed:\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Ftesting-static-sites-in-ci":3101},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1947,"dateModified":1954,"datePublished":1954,"description":1955,"extension":1956,"faq":1957,"meta":1963,"navigation":1964,"path":1965,"seo":1966,"slug":12,"stem":1967,"type":1968,"__hash__":1969},"content\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Ftesting-static-sites-in-ci\u002Findex.md","Testing Static Sites in CI",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1924},"minimark",[9,13,22,41,44,175,180,183,259,262,375,379,386,402,412,422,432,516,520,539,550,665,802,806,809,823,833,839,842,956,960,967,1286,1293,1297,1300,1406,1409,1428,1432,1435,1438,1441,1452,1456,1459,1463,1466,1480,1494,1506,1510,1513,1516,1519,1523,1605,1739,1743,1785,1789,1809,1813,1818,1821,1825,1828,1832,1835,1839,1842,1846,1849,1853,1920],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"testing-static-sites-in-ci",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"\"It's just a static site\" is the reason most static sites have no tests, and the reason they break in the same ways over and over. There is no server to fail, but there is a build that turns hundreds of templates and thousands of Markdown files into HTML, a host that applies redirects and headers, and a handful of scripts that make search, theme toggles and menus work. A one-line template change can remove the canonical tag from every page, drop the ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"lang"," attribute from a whole locale, or break every redirect from the last migration — and nothing in the browser looks wrong.",[14,23,24,25,30,31,35,36,40],{},"This guide builds a CI test suite aimed at the ways static sites actually fail, organised by what each test needs: the build directory, a running preview, or a real browser. It is written for teams running Astro, Eleventy, Hugo or Next.js static export on GitHub Actions with preview deploys, and it sits within ",[26,27,29],"a",{"href":28},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002F","Production-Ready Deployment & CI\u002FCD Workflows",". It complements ",[26,32,34],{"href":33},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcontent-workflows-for-documentation-teams\u002Fchecking-links-in-pull-requests\u002F","Checking Links in Pull Requests"," and ",[26,37,39],{"href":38},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fpreview-environments-for-pull-requests\u002Fvisual-regression-testing-on-preview-deploys\u002F","Visual Regression Testing on Preview Deploys",", which already exist as separate practices.",[14,42,43],{},"The numbers come from two sites over twelve months: a 2,300-page Hugo product documentation site and a 410-page Astro marketing and docs site. Both ran every test in this guide on every pull request.",[45,46,47,171],"figure",{},[48,49,56,57,56,61,56,65,56,72,56,156],"svg",{"viewBox":50,"role":51,"ariaLabelledBy":52,"xmlns":55},"0 0 760 300","img",[53,54],"tsci-ov-title","tsci-ov-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[58,59,60],"title",{"id":53},"Test layers by what they run against",[62,63,64],"desc",{"id":54},"Three layers. Build-output tests run against the dist directory with no server, including HTML validation, internal links, snapshots and metadata checks, in about 90 seconds. Preview tests run against the deployed preview URL, including redirects, headers and edge functions, in about 60 seconds. Browser tests run Playwright and axe against sampled pages of the preview for flows and accessibility, in about 3 minutes.",[66,67],"rect",{"x":68,"y":68,"width":69,"height":70,"fill":71},"0","760","300","#ffffff",[73,74,76,77,76,88,76,95,76,100,76,103,76,107,76,115,76,121,76,126,76,132,76,136,76,140,76,144,76,148,76,152,56],"g",{"style":75},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px","\n    ",[66,78],{"x":79,"y":80,"width":81,"height":82,"rx":83,"fill":84,"opacity":85,"stroke":86,"style":87},"40.0","60.0","440.0","57.2","8","#8ac926","0.2","#5a8a16","stroke-width:1.5px",[89,90],"path",{"d":91,"fill":92,"stroke":93,"style":94},"M260.0 119.2 L260.0 139.2","none","#556071","stroke-width:2px;marker-end:url(#tsci-ov-arrow)",[66,96],{"x":79,"y":97,"width":81,"height":82,"rx":83,"fill":98,"opacity":99,"stroke":98,"style":87},"143.2","#1982c4","0.14",[89,101],{"d":102,"fill":92,"stroke":93,"style":94},"M260.0 202.4 L260.0 222.4",[66,104],{"x":79,"y":105,"width":81,"height":82,"rx":83,"fill":106,"opacity":99,"stroke":106,"style":87},"226.4","#6a4c93",[108,109,114],"text",{"x":110,"y":111,"fill":112,"style":113},"380.0","30.0","#1f2937","font-size:16px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","Three layers of static site tests",[108,116,120],{"x":117,"y":118,"fill":112,"style":119},"260.0","86.4","font-size:13px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","Build output",[108,122,125],{"x":117,"y":123,"fill":93,"style":124},"103.3","font-size:11px;text-anchor:middle","HTML validity, links, snapshots, metadata",[108,127,131],{"x":128,"y":129,"fill":93,"style":130},"504.0","92.6","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:start","about 90 s, no server",[108,133,135],{"x":117,"y":134,"fill":112,"style":119},"169.5","Preview deploy",[108,137,139],{"x":117,"y":138,"fill":93,"style":124},"186.4","redirects, headers, edge functions",[108,141,143],{"x":128,"y":142,"fill":93,"style":130},"175.8","about 60 s, real host",[108,145,147],{"x":117,"y":146,"fill":112,"style":119},"252.7","Real browser",[108,149,151],{"x":117,"y":150,"fill":93,"style":124},"269.6","Playwright flows, axe accessibility",[108,153,155],{"x":128,"y":154,"fill":93,"style":130},"259.0","about 3 min, sampled pages",[157,158,76,159,56],"defs",{},[160,161,167,168,76],"marker",{"id":162,"viewBox":163,"refX":83,"refY":164,"markerWidth":165,"markerHeight":165,"orient":166},"tsci-ov-arrow","0 0 10 10","5","7","auto-start-reverse","\n      ",[89,169],{"d":170,"fill":93},"M0 0 L10 5 L0 10 z",[172,173,174],"figcaption",{},"Most regressions on both sites were caught by the cheapest layer; the browser layer is small and sampled on purpose.",[176,177,179],"h2",{"id":178},"what-breaks-on-static-sites","What Breaks on Static Sites",[14,181,182],{},"Before choosing tools, it helps to know what actually went wrong. Over twelve months the two sites recorded every production defect and every defect caught in CI, and classified them by cause:",[184,185,186,199],"table",{},[187,188,189],"thead",{},[190,191,192,196],"tr",{},[193,194,195],"th",{},"Cause",[193,197,198],{},"Share of defects",[200,201,202,211,219,227,235,243,251],"tbody",{},[190,203,204,208],{},[205,206,207],"td",{},"Template change affecting many pages (missing tag, broken markup)",[205,209,210],{},"29%",[190,212,213,216],{},[205,214,215],{},"Broken internal links after moves and renames",[205,217,218],{},"21%",[190,220,221,224],{},[205,222,223],{},"Accessibility regressions (contrast, labels, headings, lang)",[205,225,226],{},"16%",[190,228,229,232],{},[205,230,231],{},"Redirects or headers missing after host config changes",[205,233,234],{},"12%",[190,236,237,240],{},[205,238,239],{},"Interactive feature broken (search, menu, copy button, forms)",[205,241,242],{},"11%",[190,244,245,248],{},[205,246,247],{},"Metadata and structured data errors",[205,249,250],{},"8%",[190,252,253,256],{},[205,254,255],{},"Other (content typos, images)",[205,257,258],{},"3%",[14,260,261],{},"Almost nothing on the list involves logic that a unit test would cover. The suite is therefore mostly output testing: assert things about the HTML and HTTP responses the site produces.",[45,263,264,372],{},[48,265,56,270,56,273,56,276,56,279],{"viewBox":266,"role":51,"ariaLabelledBy":267,"xmlns":55},"0 0 760 278",[268,269],"tsci-cause-title","tsci-cause-desc",[58,271,272],{"id":268},"Share of static site defects by cause",[62,274,275],{"id":269},"Horizontal bars of the share of defects by cause across both sites. Template changes affecting many pages 29 percent. Broken internal links 21 percent. Accessibility regressions 16 percent. Missing redirects or headers 12 percent. Broken interactive features 11 percent. Metadata errors 8 percent. Other 3 percent.",[66,277],{"x":68,"y":68,"width":69,"height":278,"fill":71},"278",[73,280,76,281,76,292,76,296,76,303,76,307,76,311,76,315,76,318,76,321,76,326,76,332,76,336,76,340,76,344,76,348,76,352,76,356,76,360,76,364,76,368,56],{"style":75},[66,282],{"x":283,"y":284,"width":285,"height":286,"rx":287,"fill":288,"opacity":289,"stroke":290,"style":291},"240.0","65.0","455.8","20.0","3","#ff595e","0.3","#d83b41","stroke-width:1px",[66,293],{"x":283,"y":294,"width":295,"height":286,"rx":287,"fill":288,"opacity":289,"stroke":290,"style":291},"99.0","330.0",[66,297],{"x":283,"y":298,"width":299,"height":286,"rx":287,"fill":300,"opacity":301,"stroke":302,"style":291},"133.0","251.5","#ffca3a","0.45","#a97b00",[66,304],{"x":283,"y":305,"width":306,"height":286,"rx":287,"fill":300,"opacity":301,"stroke":302,"style":291},"167.0","188.6",[66,308],{"x":283,"y":309,"width":310,"height":286,"rx":287,"fill":98,"opacity":289,"stroke":98,"style":291},"201.0","172.9",[66,312],{"x":283,"y":313,"width":314,"height":286,"rx":287,"fill":98,"opacity":289,"stroke":98,"style":291},"235.0","125.7",[89,316],{"d":317,"fill":92,"stroke":93,"style":87},"M240.0 60.0 L240.0 260.0",[108,319,320],{"x":110,"y":111,"fill":112,"style":113},"Defects by cause over twelve months",[108,322,325],{"x":286,"y":323,"fill":112,"style":324},"79.2","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start","Template change",[108,327,210],{"x":328,"y":329,"fill":330,"style":331},"703.8","79.5","#b32b30","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700",[108,333,335],{"x":286,"y":334,"fill":112,"style":324},"113.2","Broken internal links",[108,337,218],{"x":338,"y":339,"fill":330,"style":331},"578.0","113.5",[108,341,343],{"x":286,"y":342,"fill":112,"style":324},"147.2","Accessibility regression",[108,345,226],{"x":346,"y":347,"fill":112,"style":331},"499.5","147.5",[108,349,351],{"x":286,"y":350,"fill":112,"style":324},"181.2","Redirects or headers",[108,353,234],{"x":354,"y":355,"fill":112,"style":331},"436.6","181.5",[108,357,359],{"x":286,"y":358,"fill":112,"style":324},"215.2","Interactive feature",[108,361,242],{"x":362,"y":363,"fill":112,"style":331},"420.9","215.5",[108,365,367],{"x":286,"y":366,"fill":112,"style":324},"249.2","Metadata",[108,369,250],{"x":370,"y":371,"fill":112,"style":331},"373.7","249.5",[172,373,374],{},"214 defects across both sites, including those caught in CI once the suite existed.",[176,376,378],{"id":377},"layer-1-tests-against-the-build-output","Layer 1: Tests Against the Build Output",[14,380,381,382,385],{},"The cheapest and most valuable tests read files from ",[18,383,384],{},"dist\u002F"," and need no server.",[14,387,388,392,393,396,397,401],{},[389,390,391],"strong",{},"HTML validation."," Templates that produce unclosed elements, duplicate IDs or invalid nesting render fine in browsers, which repair them silently, but they break assistive technology, search indexers and anything else that parses the HTML. ",[18,394,395],{},"html-validate"," checks thousands of pages in seconds with rules you choose; see ",[26,398,400],{"href":399},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Ftesting-static-sites-in-ci\u002Fvalidating-html-output-in-ci\u002F","Validating HTML Output in CI",".",[14,403,404,407,408,411],{},[389,405,406],{},"Internal links and anchors."," A crawler over the build directory finds links to missing pages and ",[18,409,410],{},"#fragment"," links to headings that were renamed. This was the single largest source of defects caught on the documentation site.",[14,413,414,417,418,401],{},[389,415,416],{},"Snapshots of built output."," Store a normalized snapshot of key pages' HTML (or a structural summary of every page) and diff it on each pull request. A template refactor that should change nothing then proves it changed nothing; see ",[26,419,421],{"href":420},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Ftesting-static-sites-in-ci\u002Fsnapshot-testing-build-output\u002F","Snapshot Testing Build Output",[14,423,424,427,428,401],{},[389,425,426],{},"Metadata and structured data."," Every page has one title, one description, one canonical, valid JSON-LD — checked by a script, as in ",[26,429,431],{"href":430},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Ftesting-static-sites-in-ci\u002Ftesting-structured-data-and-meta-tags\u002F","Testing Structured Data and Meta Tags",[433,434,439],"pre",{"className":435,"code":436,"language":437,"meta":438,"style":438},"language-yaml shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","# .github\u002Fworkflows\u002Ftest.yml (layer 1)\n- run: npm ci && npm run build\n- run: npx html-validate \"dist\u002F**\u002F*.html\"\n- run: npx linkinator dist --recurse --skip \"^(?!http:\u002F\u002Flocalhost)\" --silent\n- run: node tests\u002Fmetadata.mjs dist\n- run: npx vitest run tests\u002Fsnapshots\n","yaml","",[18,440,441,450,468,480,492,504],{"__ignoreMap":438},[442,443,446],"span",{"class":444,"line":445},"line",1,[442,447,449],{"class":448},"sJ8bj","# .github\u002Fworkflows\u002Ftest.yml (layer 1)\n",[442,451,453,457,461,464],{"class":444,"line":452},2,[442,454,456],{"class":455},"sVt8B","- ",[442,458,460],{"class":459},"s9eBZ","run",[442,462,463],{"class":455},": ",[442,465,467],{"class":466},"sZZnC","npm ci && npm run build\n",[442,469,471,473,475,477],{"class":444,"line":470},3,[442,472,456],{"class":455},[442,474,460],{"class":459},[442,476,463],{"class":455},[442,478,479],{"class":466},"npx html-validate \"dist\u002F**\u002F*.html\"\n",[442,481,483,485,487,489],{"class":444,"line":482},4,[442,484,456],{"class":455},[442,486,460],{"class":459},[442,488,463],{"class":455},[442,490,491],{"class":466},"npx linkinator dist --recurse --skip \"^(?!http:\u002F\u002Flocalhost)\" --silent\n",[442,493,495,497,499,501],{"class":444,"line":494},5,[442,496,456],{"class":455},[442,498,460],{"class":459},[442,500,463],{"class":455},[442,502,503],{"class":466},"node tests\u002Fmetadata.mjs dist\n",[442,505,507,509,511,513],{"class":444,"line":506},6,[442,508,456],{"class":455},[442,510,460],{"class":459},[442,512,463],{"class":455},[442,514,515],{"class":466},"npx vitest run tests\u002Fsnapshots\n",[176,517,519],{"id":518},"layer-2-tests-against-the-preview-deploy","Layer 2: Tests Against the Preview Deploy",[14,521,522,523,526,527,530,531,534,535,401],{},"Some behaviour exists only on the host: redirect rules in ",[18,524,525],{},"_redirects"," or ",[18,528,529],{},"vercel.json",", headers from ",[18,532,533],{},"_headers",", trailing-slash handling, compression, and edge functions. These cannot be tested from files. Run them against the preview URL once the preview deploy is ready, as described in ",[26,536,538],{"href":537},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fpreview-environments-for-pull-requests\u002Fautomating-preview-deploy-pipelines-with-github-actions\u002F","Automating Preview Deploy Pipelines with GitHub Actions",[14,540,541,542,545,546,401],{},"A table-driven test suite covers most of it: a list of URLs with expected status, ",[18,543,544],{},"Location",", and headers. The documentation site keeps 1,400 redirect expectations generated from its migration map and 30 header expectations. The details are in ",[26,547,549],{"href":548},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Ftesting-static-sites-in-ci\u002Ftesting-redirects-and-headers-before-deploy\u002F","Testing Redirects and Headers Before Deploy",[433,551,555],{"className":552,"code":553,"language":554,"meta":438,"style":438},"language-js shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","\u002F\u002F tests\u002Fhttp.spec.mjs — excerpt\nconst cases = [\n  { path: '\u002Fdocs\u002Fold-install', status: 301, location: '\u002Fguide\u002Finstall\u002F' },\n  { path: '\u002F', headers: { 'strict-transport-security': \u002Fmax-age=\\d{8}\u002F } },\n  { path: '\u002Fassets\u002Fapp.3f9a1c2e.js', headers: { 'cache-control': \u002Fimmutable\u002F } }\n];\n","js",[18,556,557,562,578,601,636,660],{"__ignoreMap":438},[442,558,559],{"class":444,"line":445},[442,560,561],{"class":448},"\u002F\u002F tests\u002Fhttp.spec.mjs — excerpt\n",[442,563,564,568,572,575],{"class":444,"line":452},[442,565,567],{"class":566},"szBVR","const",[442,569,571],{"class":570},"sj4cs"," cases",[442,573,574],{"class":566}," =",[442,576,577],{"class":455}," [\n",[442,579,580,583,586,589,592,595,598],{"class":444,"line":470},[442,581,582],{"class":455},"  { path: ",[442,584,585],{"class":466},"'\u002Fdocs\u002Fold-install'",[442,587,588],{"class":455},", status: ",[442,590,591],{"class":570},"301",[442,593,594],{"class":455},", location: ",[442,596,597],{"class":466},"'\u002Fguide\u002Finstall\u002F'",[442,599,600],{"class":455}," },\n",[442,602,603,605,608,611,614,617,620,624,627,630,633],{"class":444,"line":482},[442,604,582],{"class":455},[442,606,607],{"class":466},"'\u002F'",[442,609,610],{"class":455},", headers: { ",[442,612,613],{"class":466},"'strict-transport-security'",[442,615,616],{"class":455},":",[442,618,619],{"class":466}," \u002F",[442,621,623],{"class":622},"sA_wV","max-age=",[442,625,626],{"class":570},"\\d",[442,628,629],{"class":566},"{8}",[442,631,632],{"class":466},"\u002F",[442,634,635],{"class":455}," } },\n",[442,637,638,640,643,645,648,650,652,655,657],{"class":444,"line":494},[442,639,582],{"class":455},[442,641,642],{"class":466},"'\u002Fassets\u002Fapp.3f9a1c2e.js'",[442,644,610],{"class":455},[442,646,647],{"class":466},"'cache-control'",[442,649,616],{"class":455},[442,651,619],{"class":466},[442,653,654],{"class":622},"immutable",[442,656,632],{"class":466},[442,658,659],{"class":455}," } }\n",[442,661,662],{"class":444,"line":506},[442,663,664],{"class":455},"];\n",[45,666,667,799],{},[48,668,56,673,56,676,56,679,56,682,56,792],{"viewBox":669,"role":51,"ariaLabelledBy":670,"xmlns":55},"0 0 760 360",[671,672],"tsci-seq-title","tsci-seq-desc",[58,674,675],{"id":671},"Sequence of test stages for one pull request",[62,677,678],{"id":672},"A developer opens a pull request. CI builds the site and runs build-output tests. If they pass, CI deploys a preview. Preview tests check redirects and headers against the preview URL. Browser tests run Playwright and axe on sampled pages. Results post back to the pull request as checks, and only a green run allows merge.",[66,680],{"x":68,"y":68,"width":69,"height":681,"fill":71},"360",[73,683,76,684,76,690,76,693,76,696,76,699,76,703,76,706,76,709,76,712,76,716,76,720,76,723,76,726,76,729,76,732,76,737,76,741,76,745,76,748,76,752,76,755,76,759,76,762,76,768,76,772,76,776,76,780,76,784,76,788,56],{"style":75},[66,685],{"x":111,"y":686,"width":687,"height":82,"rx":83,"fill":688,"stroke":689,"style":87},"56.0","160.0","#f8fafc","#d9e2ef",[66,691],{"x":692,"y":686,"width":687,"height":82,"rx":83,"fill":84,"opacity":85,"stroke":86,"style":87},"210.0",[66,694],{"x":695,"y":686,"width":687,"height":82,"rx":83,"fill":98,"opacity":99,"stroke":98,"style":87},"390.0",[66,697],{"x":698,"y":686,"width":687,"height":82,"rx":83,"fill":106,"opacity":99,"stroke":106,"style":87},"570.0",[89,700],{"d":701,"fill":92,"stroke":93,"style":702},"M114.0 148.1 L284.0 148.1","stroke-width:1.8px;marker-end:url(#tsci-seq-arrow)",[89,704],{"d":705,"fill":92,"stroke":93,"style":702},"M294.0 229.0 L464.0 229.0",[89,707],{"d":708,"fill":92,"stroke":93,"style":702},"M294.0 261.9 L464.0 261.9",[89,710],{"d":711,"fill":92,"stroke":93,"style":702},"M294.0 294.9 L644.0 294.9",[89,713],{"d":714,"fill":92,"stroke":93,"style":715},"M646.0 327.8 L116.0 327.8","stroke-width:1.8px;stroke-dasharray:5 4;marker-end:url(#tsci-seq-arrow)",[89,717],{"d":718,"fill":92,"stroke":689,"style":719},"M110.0 115.2 L110.0 343.8","stroke-width:1.5px;stroke-dasharray:4 4",[89,721],{"d":722,"fill":92,"stroke":689,"style":719},"M290.0 115.2 L290.0 343.8",[89,724],{"d":725,"fill":92,"stroke":689,"style":719},"M470.0 115.2 L470.0 343.8",[89,727],{"d":728,"fill":92,"stroke":689,"style":719},"M650.0 115.2 L650.0 343.8",[108,730,731],{"x":110,"y":111,"fill":112,"style":113},"A pull request through the test layers",[108,733,736],{"x":734,"y":735,"fill":112,"style":119},"110.0","82.4","Developer",[108,738,740],{"x":734,"y":739,"fill":93,"style":124},"99.3","pull request",[108,742,744],{"x":743,"y":735,"fill":112,"style":119},"290.0","CI build",[108,746,747],{"x":743,"y":739,"fill":93,"style":124},"dist + layer 1",[108,749,751],{"x":750,"y":735,"fill":112,"style":119},"470.0","Preview host",[108,753,754],{"x":750,"y":739,"fill":93,"style":124},"per-PR URL",[108,756,758],{"x":757,"y":735,"fill":112,"style":119},"650.0","Browser tests",[108,760,761],{"x":757,"y":739,"fill":93,"style":124},"Playwright + axe",[108,763,767],{"x":764,"y":765,"fill":112,"style":766},"200.0","140.1","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:middle","push commits",[108,769,771],{"x":295,"y":770,"fill":112,"style":766},"173.1","build, validate, links,",[108,773,775],{"x":295,"y":774,"fill":112,"style":766},"188.0","snapshots",[108,777,779],{"x":110,"y":778,"fill":112,"style":766},"221.0","deploy preview",[108,781,783],{"x":110,"y":782,"fill":112,"style":766},"253.9","redirect and header table",[108,785,787],{"x":750,"y":786,"fill":112,"style":766},"286.9","sampled pages and flows",[108,789,791],{"x":110,"y":790,"fill":93,"style":766},"319.8","checks reported on the PR",[157,793,76,794,56],{},[160,795,167,797,76],{"id":796,"viewBox":163,"refX":83,"refY":164,"markerWidth":165,"markerHeight":165,"orient":166},"tsci-seq-arrow",[89,798],{"d":170,"fill":93},[172,800,801],{},"Build-output tests run before the preview deploy, so a broken build never costs a deploy.",[176,803,805],{"id":804},"layer-3-tests-in-a-real-browser","Layer 3: Tests in a Real Browser",[14,807,808],{},"Interactive features and accessibility need a browser. Keep this layer small and sampled, because it is the slowest and the most prone to flakiness.",[14,810,811,814,815,817,818,822],{},[389,812,813],{},"Accessibility."," axe-core catches roughly a third to a half of WCAG issues automatically — contrast, missing labels, heading order, ",[18,816,20],{},", ARIA misuse — which is most of the regressions templates introduce. Run it on one or two representative pages per template, in light and dark themes, plus any page changed in the pull request. ",[26,819,821],{"href":820},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Ftesting-static-sites-in-ci\u002Faccessibility-testing-with-axe-and-pa11y-in-ci\u002F","Accessibility Testing with axe and pa11y in CI"," covers the setup.",[14,824,825,828,829,401],{},[389,826,827],{},"End-to-end flows."," A static site has a handful of flows worth protecting: search returns results and navigates, the theme toggle persists, the mobile menu opens and traps focus, code copy buttons copy, forms submit to their function. Each is a short Playwright test against the preview; see ",[26,830,832],{"href":831},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Ftesting-static-sites-in-ci\u002Fend-to-end-tests-for-static-sites-with-playwright\u002F","End-to-End Tests for Static Sites with Playwright",[14,834,835,838],{},[389,836,837],{},"Visual regression."," Screenshots of key templates at two widths, compared against approved baselines, catch the CSS changes nothing else notices.",[14,840,841],{},"Sampling is what keeps this layer affordable. The documentation site has 2,300 pages but only 14 templates; running axe on 28 pages (two per template, both themes) plus changed pages took 70 seconds, and a full-site axe run done monthly found only two issues the sample had missed in a year.",[45,843,844,953],{},[48,845,56,850,56,853,56,856,56,859],{"viewBox":846,"role":51,"ariaLabelledBy":847,"xmlns":55},"0 0 760 248",[848,849],"tsci-time-title","tsci-time-desc",[58,851,852],{"id":848},"Test suite time by layer on each site",[62,854,855],{"id":849},"Paired bars of test time in seconds by layer. Build-output tests took 88 seconds on the Hugo docs site and 41 seconds on the Astro site. Preview tests took 64 and 22 seconds. Browser tests took 190 and 110 seconds.",[66,857],{"x":68,"y":68,"width":69,"height":858,"fill":71},"248",[73,860,76,861,76,868,76,871,76,877,76,881,76,885,76,889,76,893,76,897,76,900,76,903,76,907,76,911,76,915,76,921,76,926,76,930,76,935,76,940,76,943,76,948,56],{"style":75},[66,862],{"x":863,"y":864,"width":865,"height":866,"rx":867,"fill":98,"opacity":289,"stroke":98,"style":291},"200.9","50.0","14.0","12.0","2",[66,869],{"x":870,"y":864,"width":865,"height":866,"rx":867,"fill":106,"opacity":289,"stroke":106,"style":291},"399.0",[66,872],{"x":873,"y":874,"width":875,"height":876,"rx":287,"fill":98,"opacity":289,"stroke":98,"style":291},"230.0","82.0","213.5","16.0",[66,878],{"x":873,"y":879,"width":880,"height":876,"rx":287,"fill":106,"opacity":289,"stroke":106,"style":291},"102.0","99.5",[66,882],{"x":873,"y":883,"width":884,"height":876,"rx":287,"fill":98,"opacity":289,"stroke":98,"style":291},"134.0","155.2",[66,886],{"x":873,"y":887,"width":888,"height":876,"rx":287,"fill":106,"opacity":289,"stroke":106,"style":291},"154.0","53.4",[66,890],{"x":873,"y":891,"width":892,"height":876,"rx":287,"fill":98,"opacity":289,"stroke":98,"style":291},"186.0","460.9",[66,894],{"x":873,"y":895,"width":896,"height":876,"rx":287,"fill":106,"opacity":289,"stroke":106,"style":291},"206.0","266.8",[89,898],{"d":899,"fill":92,"stroke":93,"style":87},"M230.0 78.0 L230.0 228.0",[108,901,902],{"x":110,"y":111,"fill":112,"style":113},"Suite duration per pull request",[108,904,906],{"x":905,"y":80,"fill":93,"style":324},"220.9","Hugo docs (2,300 pages)",[108,908,910],{"x":909,"y":80,"fill":93,"style":324},"419.0","Astro site (410 pages)",[108,912,914],{"x":286,"y":913,"fill":112,"style":324},"105.2","Build-output tests",[108,916,920],{"x":917,"y":918,"fill":112,"style":919},"450.5","94.5","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700","88 s",[108,922,925],{"x":923,"y":924,"fill":112,"style":919},"336.5","114.5","41 s",[108,927,929],{"x":286,"y":928,"fill":112,"style":324},"157.2","Preview tests",[108,931,934],{"x":932,"y":933,"fill":112,"style":919},"392.2","146.5","64 s",[108,936,939],{"x":937,"y":938,"fill":112,"style":919},"290.4","166.5","22 s",[108,941,758],{"x":286,"y":942,"fill":112,"style":324},"209.2",[108,944,947],{"x":945,"y":946,"fill":112,"style":919},"697.9","198.5","190 s",[108,949,952],{"x":950,"y":951,"fill":112,"style":919},"503.8","218.5","110 s",[172,954,955],{},"Median over the last 200 pull requests on GitHub Actions ubuntu-latest runners, excluding the build itself.",[176,957,959],{"id":958},"running-it-in-github-actions","Running It in GitHub Actions",[14,961,962,963,966],{},"Three jobs map onto the three layers. 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html-validate, links, metadata, snapshots\n",[442,1086,1088,1090,1092,1094],{"class":444,"line":1087},10,[442,1089,1008],{"class":455},[442,1091,1011],{"class":459},[442,1093,463],{"class":455},[442,1095,1096],{"class":466},"actions\u002Fupload-artifact@v4\n",[442,1098,1100,1102,1104,1107,1109,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119],{"class":444,"line":1099},11,[442,1101,1033],{"class":459},[442,1103,1036],{"class":455},[442,1105,1106],{"class":459},"name",[442,1108,463],{"class":455},[442,1110,965],{"class":466},[442,1112,1047],{"class":455},[442,1114,89],{"class":459},[442,1116,463],{"class":455},[442,1118,965],{"class":466},[442,1120,1058],{"class":455},[442,1122,1124,1127],{"class":444,"line":1123},12,[442,1125,1126],{"class":459},"  preview",[442,1128,979],{"class":455},[442,1130,1132,1135,1137],{"class":444,"line":1131},13,[442,1133,1134],{"class":459},"    needs",[442,1136,463],{"class":455},[442,1138,1139],{"class":466},"build\n",[442,1141,1143,1146,1148,1151,1153,1156,1159,1162],{"class":444,"line":1142},14,[442,1144,1145],{"class":459},"    outputs",[442,1147,1036],{"class":455},[442,1149,1150],{"class":459},"url",[442,1152,463],{"class":455},[442,1154,1155],{"class":466},"$",[442,1157,1158],{"class":455},"{{ ",[442,1160,1161],{"class":466},"steps.deploy.outputs.url",[442,1163,1164],{"class":455}," }} }\n",[442,1166,1168,1170,1173,1176,1178,1181],{"class":444,"line":1167},15,[442,1169,1001],{"class":459},[442,1171,1172],{"class":455},": [ ",[442,1174,1175],{"class":466},"... deploy dist",[442,1177,1047],{"class":455},[442,1179,1180],{"class":466},"set url ...",[442,1182,1183],{"class":455}," ]\n",[442,1185,1187,1190],{"class":444,"line":1186},16,[442,1188,1189],{"class":459},"  e2e",[442,1191,979],{"class":455},[442,1193,1195,1197,1199],{"class":444,"line":1194},17,[442,1196,1134],{"class":459},[442,1198,463],{"class":455},[442,1200,1201],{"class":466},"preview\n",[442,1203,1205,1207,1209],{"class":444,"line":1204},18,[442,1206,991],{"class":459},[442,1208,463],{"class":455},[442,1210,996],{"class":466},[442,1212,1214,1217,1219],{"class":444,"line":1213},19,[442,1215,1216],{"class":459},"    container",[442,1218,463],{"class":455},[442,1220,1221],{"class":466},"mcr.microsoft.com\u002Fplaywright:v1.48.0-noble\n",[442,1223,1225,1228,1230,1233,1235,1237,1239,1242],{"class":444,"line":1224},20,[442,1226,1227],{"class":459},"    env",[442,1229,1036],{"class":455},[442,1231,1232],{"class":459},"BASE_URL",[442,1234,463],{"class":455},[442,1236,1155],{"class":466},[442,1238,1158],{"class":455},[442,1240,1241],{"class":466},"needs.preview.outputs.url",[442,1243,1164],{"class":455},[442,1245,1247,1249],{"class":444,"line":1246},21,[442,1248,1001],{"class":459},[442,1250,979],{"class":455},[442,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260],{"class":444,"line":1253},22,[442,1255,1008],{"class":455},[442,1257,1011],{"class":459},[442,1259,463],{"class":455},[442,1261,1016],{"class":466},[442,1263,1265,1267,1269,1271],{"class":444,"line":1264},23,[442,1266,1008],{"class":455},[442,1268,460],{"class":459},[442,1270,463],{"class":455},[442,1272,1273],{"class":466},"npm ci\n",[442,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283],{"class":444,"line":1276},24,[442,1278,1008],{"class":455},[442,1280,460],{"class":459},[442,1282,463],{"class":455},[442,1284,1285],{"class":466},"npm run test:http && npx playwright test\n",[14,1287,1288,1289,1292],{},"Using the official Playwright container avoids downloading browsers on every run, which saved about 50 seconds per run on both sites. Mark layer 1 and 2 as required checks; keep flaky-prone browser tests required too, but with ",[18,1290,1291],{},"retries: 2"," in Playwright and tolerances in visual comparisons.",[176,1294,1296],{"id":1295},"choosing-tools","Choosing Tools",[14,1298,1299],{},"The tooling landscape is wide, and most of it overlaps. The combination that worked on both sites, chosen for speed, local reproducibility and readable failures:",[184,1301,1302,1315],{},[187,1303,1304],{},[190,1305,1306,1309,1312],{},[193,1307,1308],{},"Concern",[193,1310,1311],{},"Tool",[193,1313,1314],{},"Why this one",[200,1316,1317,1329,1345,1356,1367,1384,1395],{},[190,1318,1319,1322,1326],{},[205,1320,1321],{},"HTML validity",[205,1323,1324],{},[18,1325,395],{},[205,1327,1328],{},"Node-native, fast on thousands of files, configurable rules",[190,1330,1331,1334,1342],{},[205,1332,1333],{},"Internal links",[205,1335,1336,526,1339],{},[18,1337,1338],{},"linkinator",[18,1340,1341],{},"lychee",[205,1343,1344],{},"lychee is a single Rust binary and very fast; linkinator is easy in Node projects",[190,1346,1347,1350,1353],{},[205,1348,1349],{},"Metadata and JSON-LD",[205,1351,1352],{},"a 150-line script",[205,1354,1355],{},"rules specific to the site; no generic tool knew the conventions",[190,1357,1358,1361,1364],{},[205,1359,1360],{},"Snapshots",[205,1362,1363],{},"Vitest file snapshots",[205,1365,1366],{},"readable JSON diffs in pull requests",[190,1368,1369,1372,1381],{},[205,1370,1371],{},"Redirects and headers",[205,1373,1374,1377,1378],{},[18,1375,1376],{},"node:test"," with ",[18,1379,1380],{},"fetch",[205,1382,1383],{},"no dependencies; table-driven",[190,1385,1386,1389,1392],{},[205,1387,1388],{},"Accessibility",[205,1390,1391],{},"axe-core via Playwright, pa11y-ci",[205,1393,1394],{},"axe is the engine; pa11y-ci for URL lists, Playwright for states",[190,1396,1397,1400,1403],{},[205,1398,1399],{},"Flows and visual",[205,1401,1402],{},"Playwright",[205,1404,1405],{},"one browser tool for everything that needs a browser",[14,1407,1408],{},"Two things are deliberately absent. Unit-test frameworks for template code rarely paid off: templates are best tested through their output. And a single all-in-one \"site quality\" SaaS was tried on the Astro site and dropped, because it ran on its own schedule against production rather than on pull requests, which is too late.",[14,1410,1411,1412,1047,1415,1047,1418,1421,1422,1424,1425,1427],{},"Whatever the tools, standardise the interface: every check is an npm script (",[18,1413,1414],{},"test:output",[18,1416,1417],{},"test:http",[18,1419,1420],{},"test:e2e","), runs locally against ",[18,1423,384],{}," or a ",[18,1426,1232],{},", and prints failures with a page path. Writers and developers then run the same commands CI runs.",[176,1429,1431],{"id":1430},"content-is-code-too","Content Is Code Too",[14,1433,1434],{},"On documentation sites, most pull requests are content changes by writers, and the suite should serve them rather than slow them down. Three adjustments helped.",[14,1436,1437],{},"Run the cheap layer on every pull request and the browser layer only when templates, components, styles or scripts change, detected with a paths filter in the workflow. A typo fix then gets a two-minute check instead of six.",[14,1439,1440],{},"Surface failures in writer terms. \"Broken link on \u002Fguide\u002Finstall\u002F to \u002Fguide\u002Fconfigure\u002F#proxy — the heading 'Proxy' no longer exists on that page\" is actionable for a writer; a stack trace from a link checker is not.",[14,1442,1443,1444,35,1448,401],{},"Add editorial checks to the same pipeline: Vale for style rules, a spell checker with a project dictionary, and a rule that every new page has a description and at least one internal link in. Those are covered in ",[26,1445,1447],{"href":1446},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcontent-workflows-for-documentation-teams\u002Feditorial-checks-with-vale-in-ci\u002F","Editorial Checks with Vale in CI",[26,1449,1451],{"href":1450},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcontent-workflows-for-documentation-teams\u002Fcontent-linting-with-markdownlint\u002F","Content Linting with markdownlint",[176,1453,1455],{"id":1454},"what-the-suite-costs","What the Suite Costs",[14,1457,1458],{},"The suite is not free, and it is worth being honest about its costs. CI minutes rose from about 40 seconds per pull request (link check only) to 5.7 minutes on the Hugo site, roughly 1,900 extra runner minutes a month across 330 pull requests — within the free allowance for public repositories, and about the cost of one hour of engineering time a month for private ones. Maintenance took around two hours a month: updating baselines, adjusting a selector after a redesign, adding redirect cases after a restructure. Against 108 fewer production defects a year, most of which had each cost an hour or more to diagnose after readers reported them, the trade was clearly positive on both sites.",[176,1460,1462],{"id":1461},"keeping-the-suite-trustworthy","Keeping the Suite Trustworthy",[14,1464,1465],{},"A test suite nobody trusts is worse than none, because failures get re-run until green and real regressions slip through. Three practices kept both suites trusted.",[14,1467,1468,1471,1472,1475,1476,1479],{},[389,1469,1470],{},"Deterministic by default."," Tests that read files or compare HTTP responses from a static preview do not flake. The flaky tests were all in the browser layer, and nearly all were caused by waiting for fixed timeouts instead of for state (",[18,1473,1474],{},"await page.waitForTimeout(500)"," instead of ",[18,1477,1478],{},"await expect(dialog).toBeVisible()",").",[14,1481,1482,1485,1486,35,1490,401],{},[389,1483,1484],{},"External dependencies as reports."," External link checks, Lighthouse scores and third-party embeds depend on the network. They run on a schedule and post reports rather than blocking pull requests — see ",[26,1487,1489],{"href":1488},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fmonitoring-static-sites-in-production\u002Fcrawling-for-broken-links-on-a-schedule\u002F","Crawling for Broken Links on a Schedule",[26,1491,1493],{"href":1492},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Freducing-lighthouse-score-variance-in-ci\u002F","Reducing Lighthouse Score Variance in CI",[14,1495,1496,1499,1500,1505],{},[389,1497,1498],{},"Failures that explain themselves."," Every assertion message names the page, the rule and the expected value. \"canonical on \u002Fguide\u002Finstall\u002F is ",[26,1501,1502],{"href":1502,"rel":1503},"https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.example.com\u002Fguide\u002Finstall",[1504],"nofollow"," (missing trailing slash), expected …\u002Finstall\u002F\" gets fixed in minutes; \"expected true, received false\" gets re-run.",[176,1507,1509],{"id":1508},"adding-the-suite-to-an-existing-site","Adding the Suite to an Existing Site",[14,1511,1512],{},"Introducing all of this at once to a mature site produces a first run with thousands of failures and a team that disables the checks by Friday. Both sites rolled the suite out in the same order over about six weeks, and the order mattered.",[14,1514,1515],{},"Week one added the internal link check and HTML validation as reports only, then fixed the handful of template bugs responsible for most findings. Week two made both required and added the metadata script as a report. Week three added redirect and header tests against previews, generated from the existing redirect map, and made them required immediately, since they had no backlog — either a redirect worked or it did not. Weeks four and five introduced accessibility checks with a committed baseline, and end-to-end tests for the five most-used interactive features. Week six added snapshots, once the team had seen enough template-driven surprises to want them.",[14,1517,1518],{},"The principle behind the order: start with checks whose failures are unambiguous and cheap to fix, make each one required as soon as its backlog is clear, and use baselines for anything with a large backlog. Every check that was made required early stayed required; the one check that was made required before its backlog was cleared (description length, on the Astro site) was switched back to a warning within a week.",[176,1520,1522],{"id":1521},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[184,1524,1525,1538],{},[187,1526,1527],{},[190,1528,1529,1532,1535],{},[193,1530,1531],{},"Measure",[193,1533,1534],{},"12 months before the suite",[193,1536,1537],{},"12 months with the suite",[200,1539,1540,1551,1562,1573,1584,1594],{},[190,1541,1542,1545,1548],{},[205,1543,1544],{},"Production defects reported (both sites)",[205,1546,1547],{},"131",[205,1549,1550],{},"23",[190,1552,1553,1556,1559],{},[205,1554,1555],{},"Defects caught in CI before merge",[205,1557,1558],{},"—",[205,1560,1561],{},"191",[190,1563,1564,1567,1570],{},[205,1565,1566],{},"Median time to detect a production defect",[205,1568,1569],{},"6 days",[205,1571,1572],{},"1 day",[190,1574,1575,1578,1581],{},[205,1576,1577],{},"Pull request test time (median, Hugo site)",[205,1579,1580],{},"40 s (links only)",[205,1582,1583],{},"5.7 min",[190,1585,1586,1589,1591],{},[205,1587,1588],{},"Flaky failures per 100 runs (browser layer)",[205,1590,1558],{},[205,1592,1593],{},"1.8",[190,1595,1596,1599,1602],{},[205,1597,1598],{},"Accessibility violations in production (axe, sampled)",[205,1600,1601],{},"212",[205,1603,1604],{},"4",[45,1606,1607,1736],{},[48,1608,56,1613,56,1616,56,1619,56,1622],{"viewBox":1609,"role":51,"ariaLabelledBy":1610,"xmlns":55},"0 0 760 295",[1611,1612],"tsci-prod-title","tsci-prod-desc",[58,1614,1615],{"id":1611},"Production defects per quarter before and after the suite",[62,1617,1618],{"id":1612},"Vertical bars of production defects per quarter across both sites. Four quarters before the suite had 29, 35, 31 and 36 defects. The four quarters after had 11, 6, 4 and 2.",[66,1620],{"x":68,"y":68,"width":69,"height":1621,"fill":71},"295",[73,1623,76,1624,76,1630,76,1635,76,1640,76,1645,76,1650,76,1656,76,1661,76,1666,76,1669,76,1672,76,1678,76,1682,76,1687,76,1690,76,1694,76,1697,76,1702,76,1705,76,1710,76,1713,76,1719,76,1722,76,1726,76,1729,76,1733,56],{"style":75},[66,1625],{"x":1626,"y":1627,"width":1628,"height":1629,"rx":287,"fill":288,"opacity":289,"stroke":290,"style":291},"57.0","109.1","51.0","136.9",[66,1631],{"x":1632,"y":1633,"width":1628,"height":1634,"rx":287,"fill":288,"opacity":289,"stroke":290,"style":291},"142.0","80.7","165.3",[66,1636],{"x":1637,"y":1638,"width":1628,"height":1639,"rx":287,"fill":288,"opacity":289,"stroke":290,"style":291},"227.0","99.6","146.4",[66,1641],{"x":1642,"y":1643,"width":1628,"height":1644,"rx":287,"fill":288,"opacity":289,"stroke":290,"style":291},"312.0","76.0","170.0",[66,1646],{"x":1647,"y":1648,"width":1628,"height":1649,"rx":287,"fill":300,"opacity":301,"stroke":302,"style":291},"397.0","194.1","51.9",[66,1651],{"x":1652,"y":1653,"width":1628,"height":1654,"rx":287,"fill":84,"opacity":1655,"stroke":86,"style":291},"482.0","217.7","28.3","0.4",[66,1657],{"x":1658,"y":1659,"width":1628,"height":1660,"rx":287,"fill":84,"opacity":1655,"stroke":86,"style":291},"567.0","227.1","18.9",[66,1662],{"x":1663,"y":1664,"width":1628,"height":1665,"rx":287,"fill":84,"opacity":1655,"stroke":86,"style":291},"652.0","236.6","9.4",[89,1667],{"d":1668,"fill":92,"stroke":93,"style":87},"M30.0 246.0 L730.0 246.0",[108,1670,1671],{"x":110,"y":111,"fill":112,"style":113},"Defects reaching production per quarter",[108,1673,1677],{"x":1674,"y":1675,"fill":330,"style":1676},"82.5","102.1","font-size:12px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","29",[108,1679,1681],{"x":1674,"y":1680,"fill":93,"style":766},"264.0","Q1 before",[108,1683,1686],{"x":1684,"y":1685,"fill":330,"style":1676},"167.5","73.7","35",[108,1688,1689],{"x":1684,"y":1680,"fill":93,"style":766},"Q2 before",[108,1691,1693],{"x":1692,"y":129,"fill":330,"style":1676},"252.5","31",[108,1695,1696],{"x":1692,"y":1680,"fill":93,"style":766},"Q3 before",[108,1698,1701],{"x":1699,"y":1700,"fill":330,"style":1676},"337.5","69.0","36",[108,1703,1704],{"x":1699,"y":1680,"fill":93,"style":766},"Q4 before",[108,1706,1709],{"x":1707,"y":1708,"fill":112,"style":1676},"422.5","187.1","11",[108,1711,1712],{"x":1707,"y":1680,"fill":93,"style":766},"Q1 after",[108,1714,1718],{"x":1715,"y":1716,"fill":1717,"style":1676},"507.5","210.7","#3f6410","6",[108,1720,1721],{"x":1715,"y":1680,"fill":93,"style":766},"Q2 after",[108,1723,1604],{"x":1724,"y":1725,"fill":1717,"style":1676},"592.5","220.1",[108,1727,1728],{"x":1724,"y":1680,"fill":93,"style":766},"Q3 after",[108,1730,867],{"x":1731,"y":1732,"fill":1717,"style":1676},"677.5","229.6",[108,1734,1735],{"x":1731,"y":1680,"fill":93,"style":766},"Q4 after",[172,1737,1738],{},"Counted from the issue tracker label production-defect, both sites combined.",[176,1740,1742],{"id":1741},"common-pitfalls","Common Pitfalls",[1744,1745,1746,1755,1761,1767,1773,1779],"ul",{},[1747,1748,1749,1752,1753,401],"li",{},[389,1750,1751],{},"Testing the source instead of the output."," Linting Markdown does not catch template bugs; test ",[18,1754,384],{},[1747,1756,1757,1760],{},[389,1758,1759],{},"Full-site browser runs on every pull request."," Slow and rarely more useful than a sample per template.",[1747,1762,1763,1766],{},[389,1764,1765],{},"Redirect tests against the build directory."," Redirects live on the host; test them on the preview.",[1747,1768,1769,1772],{},[389,1770,1771],{},"Ignoring dark mode."," Contrast regressions often exist in one theme only; run axe in both.",[1747,1774,1775,1778],{},[389,1776,1777],{},"Fixed timeouts in Playwright."," The main source of flakiness; wait for state.",[1747,1780,1781,1784],{},[389,1782,1783],{},"External links as a blocking check."," Third-party outages then block your merges.",[176,1786,1788],{"id":1787},"key-takeaways","Key Takeaways",[1744,1790,1791,1794,1797,1800,1803,1806],{},[1747,1792,1793],{},"Static sites fail through their output; test the HTML and HTTP responses, not the code.",[1747,1795,1796],{},"Organise tests by what they need: build directory, preview deploy, or browser.",[1747,1798,1799],{},"Put the cheap deterministic checks first and make them required.",[1747,1801,1802],{},"Sample browser tests by template, and include both themes for accessibility.",[1747,1804,1805],{},"Keep network-dependent checks as scheduled reports.",[1747,1807,1808],{},"Write assertion messages that name the page and the expected value.",[176,1810,1812],{"id":1811},"faq","FAQ",[1814,1815,1817],"h3",{"id":1816},"what-is-worth-testing-on-a-site-with-no-backend","What is worth testing on a site with no backend?",[14,1819,1820],{},"The built output itself. Static sites fail through broken templates, missing pages, invalid HTML, accessibility regressions, redirects that stopped working, headers that disappeared and metadata that went missing. All of those can be checked deterministically against the build before it deploys.",[1814,1822,1824],{"id":1823},"should-tests-run-against-the-build-directory-or-a-preview-deploy","Should tests run against the build directory or a preview deploy?",[14,1826,1827],{},"Both, for different things. Checks that only need files, such as HTML validation, snapshot diffs and metadata checks, run fastest against the build directory. Anything that depends on the host, such as redirects, headers, compression and edge functions, has to run against a preview deploy.",[1814,1829,1831],{"id":1830},"how-long-should-a-static-site-test-suite-take","How long should a static site test suite take?",[14,1833,1834],{},"Under five minutes for the pull request gate is a practical target, because slower suites get skipped or ignored. Sampling helps, since running axe or Playwright on every page of a 3,000-page site is rarely necessary when pages share templates.",[1814,1836,1838],{"id":1837},"which-tool-should-i-start-with","Which tool should I start with?",[14,1840,1841],{},"An internal link checker and an automated accessibility check on one page per template give the most value for the least setup. Add header and redirect tests next if the site has a history of migrations, then snapshot and metadata tests.",[1814,1843,1845],{"id":1844},"how-do-i-stop-flaky-tests-from-blocking-deploys","How do I stop flaky tests from blocking deploys?",[14,1847,1848],{},"Keep deterministic checks such as HTML validation, links in the build output and snapshots as hard gates, and treat checks that depend on the network or timing, such as external links and Lighthouse scores, as reports or with retries and tolerances.",[176,1850,1852],{"id":1851},"related","Related",[1744,1854,1855,1864,1869,1874,1879,1884,1889,1894,1899,1906,1913],{},[1747,1856,1857,1860,1861,1863],{},[389,1858,1859],{},"Up:"," ",[26,1862,29],{"href":28}," — where testing fits in the pipeline.",[1747,1865,1866,1868],{},[26,1867,821],{"href":820}," — automated WCAG checks.",[1747,1870,1871,1873],{},[26,1872,832],{"href":831}," — protecting interactive flows.",[1747,1875,1876,1878],{},[26,1877,400],{"href":399}," — catching template markup errors.",[1747,1880,1881,1883],{},[26,1882,549],{"href":548}," — host behaviour on the preview.",[1747,1885,1886,1888],{},[26,1887,421],{"href":420}," — proving refactors change nothing.",[1747,1890,1891,1893],{},[26,1892,431],{"href":430}," — SEO output checks.",[1747,1895,1896,1898],{},[26,1897,34],{"href":33}," — link checking in depth.",[1747,1900,1901,1905],{},[26,1902,1904],{"href":1903},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Frollbacks-and-deploy-safety-for-static-sites\u002Frunning-smoke-tests-against-a-preview-url\u002F","Running Smoke Tests Against a Preview URL"," — the minimal post-deploy check.",[1747,1907,1908,1912],{},[26,1909,1911],{"href":1910},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Ftesting-static-sites-in-ci\u002Ffixing-flaky-playwright-tests-against-preview-deploys\u002F","Fixing Flaky Playwright Tests Against Preview Deploys"," — stabilise Playwright tests that run against preview URLs: wait for the right deploy, warm caches, 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Astro",{"path":2356,"title":2357},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-sitemaps-for-large-static-sites","Generating Sitemaps for Large Static Sites",{"path":2359,"title":2360},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites","Technical SEO for Static Sites",{"path":2362,"title":2363},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frobots-txt-and-noindex-for-preview-and-staging","robots.txt and noindex for Preview and Staging",{"path":2365,"title":2366},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frss-and-atom-feeds-for-static-blogs","RSS and Atom Feeds for Static Blogs",{"path":2368,"title":2369},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fseo-safe-pagination-and-tag-pages","SEO-Safe 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Sites",{"path":2383,"title":2384},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-keys-and-query-strings-on-cdns","Cache Keys and Query Strings on CDNs",{"path":2386,"title":2387},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcaching-404s-and-redirects-at-the-edge","Caching 404s and Redirects at the Edge",{"path":2389,"title":2390},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcloudflare-vs-cloudfront-cache-hit-ratios-for-static-sites","Cloudflare vs CloudFront Cache Hit Ratios for Static Sites",{"path":2392,"title":2393},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ffixing-stale-html-after-deploys-on-cloudflare","Fixing Stale HTML After Deploys on Cloudflare",{"path":2395,"title":2396},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs","CDN Caching Rules 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HTML",{"path":2410,"title":2411},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ftiered-caching-and-origin-shield","Tiered Caching and Origin Shield",{"path":2413,"title":2414},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fcode-splitting-and-module-preload-in-vite-based-ssgs","Code Splitting and Module Preload in Vite-Based SSGs",{"path":2416,"title":2417},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-missing-tailwind-classes-in-production-builds","Fixing Missing Tailwind Classes in Production Builds",{"path":2419,"title":2420},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-unused-javascript-warnings-on-static-pages","Fixing Unused JavaScript Warnings on Static Pages",{"path":2422,"title":2423},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization","CSS and JavaScript Asset Optimization",{"path":2425,"title":2426},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Finlining-critical-css-on-static-sites","Inlining Critical CSS on Static Sites",{"path":2428,"title":2429},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fkeeping-tailwind-css-output-small-on-static-sites","Keeping Tailwind CSS Output Small on Static Sites",{"path":2431,"title":2432},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fminifying-html-css-and-js-in-eleventy","Minifying HTML, CSS and JS in Eleventy",{"path":2434,"title":2435},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fprecompressing-assets-with-brotli-and-zstd","Precompressing Assets with Brotli and Zstd",{"path":2437,"title":2438},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fpurging-unused-css-with-tailwind-and-lightningcss","Purging Unused CSS with Tailwind and Lightning CSS",{"path":2440,"title":2441},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fsvg-icon-sprites-vs-inline-icons","SVG Icon Sprites vs Inline Icons",{"path":2443,"title":2444},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ftailwind-v4-in-astro-without-postcss-plugins","Tailwind v4 in Astro Without PostCSS Plugins",{"path":2446,"title":2447},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fcls-from-client-side-rendered-components","CLS from Client-Side Rendered Components",{"path":2449,"title":2450},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fdebugging-cls-with-the-layout-instability-api","Debugging CLS with the Layout Instability API",{"path":2452,"title":2453},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Feliminating-layout-shift-from-web-fonts","Eliminating Layout Shift From Web Fonts",{"path":2455,"title":2456},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-cookie-banners","Fixing CLS from Cookie 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Links",{"path":2470,"title":2471},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites","Cumulative Layout Shift Fixes for Static Sites",{"path":2473,"title":2474},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-cls-in-the-field-with-web-vitals-js","Measuring CLS in the Field With web-vitals.js",{"path":2476,"title":2477},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-ad-and-promo-slots","Reserving Space for Ad and Promo Slots",{"path":2479,"title":2480},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-images-and-embeds-to-stop-layout-shift","Reserving Space for Images and Embeds",{"path":2482,"title":2483},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fauditing-font-payload-per-page","Auditing Font Payload per Page",{"path":2485,"title":2486},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-invisible-text-while-web-fonts-load","Fixing Invisible Text While Web Fonts Load",{"path":2488,"title":2489},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Ffont-display-optional-vs-swap","font-display: optional vs swap",{"path":2491,"title":2492},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites","Font Loading Strategies for Static Sites",{"path":2494,"title":2495},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fmetric-matched-fallback-fonts-with-size-adjust","Metric-Matched Fallback Fonts with size-adjust",{"path":2497,"title":2498},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fpreloading-fonts-without-double-downloads","Preloading Fonts Without Double Downloads",{"path":2500,"title":2501},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosted-fonts-vs-google-fonts-for-static-sites","Self-Hosted Fonts vs Google Fonts for Static Sites",{"path":2503,"title":2504},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosting-google-fonts-to-eliminate-layout-shift","Self-Host Google Fonts to Eliminate Layout Shift",{"path":2506,"title":2507},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fsubsetting-variable-fonts-for-faster-first-render","Subsetting Variable Fonts for Faster First Render",{"path":2509,"title":2510},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fusing-system-font-stacks-to-skip-webfonts","Using System Font Stacks to Skip Web Fonts",{"path":2512,"title":2513},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fvariable-fonts-vs-static-weights","Variable Fonts vs Static Weights",{"path":2515,"title":2516},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fart-direction-with-the-picture-element","Art Direction with the Picture Element",{"path":2518,"title":2519},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fblur-up-placeholders-with-lqip","Blur-Up Placeholders with LQIP",{"path":2521,"title":2522},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fbuilding-an-image-cdn-pipeline-for-static-sites","Building an Image CDN Pipeline for Static Sites",{"path":2524,"title":2525},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fcaching-processed-images-between-builds","Caching Processed Images Between Builds",{"path":2527,"title":2528},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Ffixing-blurry-images-from-astro-assets-resizing","Fixing Blurry Images From astro:assets Resizing",{"path":2530,"title":2531},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fgenerating-open-graph-images-at-build-time","Generating Open Graph Images at Build Time",{"path":2533,"title":2534},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro","Image Optimization Pipelines in Astro",{"path":2536,"title":2537},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Flazy-loading-images-without-hurting-lcp","Lazy-Loading Images Without Hurting LCP",{"path":2539,"title":2540},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Foptimizing-webp-images-in-hugo-without-plugins","Optimizing WebP Images in Hugo Without Plugins",{"path":2542,"title":2543},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fresponsive-images-with-srcset-in-eleventy","Responsive Images with srcset in Eleventy",{"path":2545,"title":2546},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fserving-astro-images-through-cloudflare-image-resizing","Serving Astro Images Through Cloudflare Image Resizing",{"path":2548,"title":2549},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fserving-avif-with-fallbacks-on-static-sites","Serving AVIF With Fallbacks on Static Sites",{"path":2551,"title":2552},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs","Core Web Vitals Optimization for SSGs",{"path":2554,"title":2555},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fastro-islands-vs-full-hydration-performance","Astro Islands vs Full Hydration Performance",{"path":2557,"title":2558},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fbreaking-up-long-tasks-on-static-sites","Breaking Up Long Tasks on Static Sites",{"path":2560,"title":2561},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fdeferring-hydration-with-client-visible-in-astro","Deferring Hydration with client:visible in Astro",{"path":2563,"title":2564},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Ffixing-hydration-mismatch-errors-in-astro-islands","Fixing Hydration Mismatch Errors in Astro Islands",{"path":2566,"title":2567},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Ffixing-poor-inp-on-static-pages-with-heavy-widgets","Fixing Poor INP on Static Pages With Heavy Widgets",{"path":2569,"title":2570},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fhow-to-reduce-bundle-size-in-eleventy-builds","How to Reduce Bundle Size in Eleventy Builds",{"path":2572,"title":2573},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering","JavaScript Hydration & Partial Rendering",{"path":2575,"title":2576},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fmeasuring-inp-on-static-sites-with-real-user-monitoring","Measuring INP on Static Sites with RUM",{"path":2578,"title":2579},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fpreact-vs-react-islands-bundle-size","Preact vs React Islands Bundle Size",{"path":2581,"title":2582},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Freplacing-react-islands-with-web-components","Replacing React Islands with Web Components",{"path":2584,"title":2585},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fserver-islands-in-astro","Server Islands in Astro",{"path":2587,"title":2588},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Feliminating-render-blocking-css-on-static-sites","Eliminating Render-Blocking CSS on Static Sites",{"path":2590,"title":2591},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-on-text-heavy-documentation-pages","Fixing LCP on Text-Heavy Documentation Pages",{"path":2593,"title":2594},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-regressions-caused-by-cookie-consent-tools","Fixing LCP Regressions Caused by Cookie Consent Tools",{"path":2596,"title":2597},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-when-the-hero-is-a-background-image","Fixing LCP When the Hero Is a Background Image",{"path":2599,"title":2600},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-slow-lcp-on-pages-with-embedded-video","Fixing Slow LCP on Pages With Embedded Video",{"path":2602,"title":2603},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Fimproving-ttfb-for-static-html","Improving TTFB for Static HTML",{"path":2605,"title":2606},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites","Largest Contentful Paint Optimization for Static Sites",{"path":2608,"title":2609},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-lcp-subparts-with-devtools","Measuring LCP Subparts with DevTools",{"path":2611,"title":2612},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Foptimizing-lcp-on-astro-with-priority-hints","Optimizing LCP on Astro with Priority Hints",{"path":2614,"title":2615},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Freducing-lcp-from-hero-images-on-static-sites","Reducing LCP from Hero Images on Static Sites",{"path":2617,"title":2618},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fcomparing-lab-and-field-data-with-crux","Comparing Lab and Field Data with CrUX",{"path":2620,"title":2621},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci","Performance Budgets and Lighthouse CI",{"path":2623,"title":2624},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Flighthouse-ci-vs-webpagetest-for-regression-gates","Lighthouse CI vs WebPageTest for Regression Gates",{"path":2626,"title":2627},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fmeasuring-web-vitals-in-playwright-tests","Measuring Web Vitals in Playwright Tests",{"path":2629,"title":2630},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fper-template-performance-budgets","Per-Template Performance Budgets",{"path":2632,"title":2633},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fperformance-testing-on-throttled-mobile-profiles","Performance Testing on Throttled Mobile Profiles",{"path":2635,"title":1493},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Freducing-lighthouse-score-variance-in-ci",{"path":2637,"title":2638},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Frunning-webpagetest-scripts-against-preview-deploys","Running WebPageTest Scripts Against Preview Deploys",{"path":2640,"title":2641},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fsetting-up-lighthouse-ci-for-a-static-site","Setting Up Lighthouse CI for a Static Site",{"path":2643,"title":2644},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Ftracking-bundle-size-per-pull-request","Tracking Bundle Size per Pull Request",{"path":2646,"title":2647},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Ftracking-page-weight-over-time","Tracking Page Weight Over Time",{"path":2649,"title":2650},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fwriting-a-performance-budget-that-fails-builds","Writing a Performance Budget That Fails Builds",{"path":2652,"title":2653},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fauditing-unused-preloads","Auditing Unused Preloads",{"path":2655,"title":2656},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fearly-hints-103-on-cloudflare","Early Hints (103) on Cloudflare",{"path":2658,"title":2659},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Ffetchpriority-beyond-the-hero-image","Fetchpriority Beyond the Hero Image",{"path":2661,"title":2662},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Ffixing-wasted-preloads-flagged-by-chrome","Fixing Wasted Preloads Flagged by Chrome",{"path":2664,"title":2665},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed","Resource Hints and Navigation Speed",{"path":2667,"title":2668},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Finstant-navigation-with-speculation-rules","Instant Navigation with Speculation Rules",{"path":2670,"title":2671},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fpreconnect-vs-dns-prefetch-on-static-sites","Preconnect vs DNS-Prefetch on Static Sites",{"path":2673,"title":2674},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fprefetching-links-in-astro","Prefetching Links in Astro",{"path":2676,"title":2677},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fview-transitions-in-astro-without-hurting-vitals","View Transitions in Astro Without Hurting Vitals",{"path":2679,"title":2680},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fview-transitions-on-multi-page-static-sites","View Transitions on Multi-Page Static Sites",{"path":2682,"title":2683},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fauditing-third-party-scripts-with-lighthouse","Auditing Third-Party Scripts With Lighthouse",{"path":2685,"title":2686},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Ffacades-for-chat-widgets-and-maps","Facades for Chat Widgets and Maps",{"path":2688,"title":2689},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Ffixing-main-thread-blocking-from-chat-widgets","Fixing Main-Thread Blocking From Chat Widgets",{"path":2691,"title":2692},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites","Third-Party Script Performance on Static Sites",{"path":2694,"title":2695},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Flazy-loading-youtube-embeds-on-static-sites","Lazy-Loading YouTube Embeds on Static Sites",{"path":2697,"title":2698},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Floading-google-tag-manager-without-hurting-inp","Loading Google Tag Manager Without Hurting INP",{"path":2700,"title":2701},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-third-party-cost-with-request-blocking","Measuring Third-Party Cost with Request Blocking",{"path":2703,"title":2704},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fprivacy-friendly-analytics-compared-by-page-weight","Privacy-Friendly Analytics Compared by Page Weight",{"path":2706,"title":2707},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Frunning-third-party-scripts-in-a-web-worker-with-partytown","Running Third-Party Scripts in a Web Worker with 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